The objective of this work is to develop systems, models and algorithms that help distinguish signatures of dangerous radiation material from background and other (e.g. medical) sources of radiation. The challenge is to do so rapidly and with an extremely low probability of false alarms. Radiological detection architectures will be deployed in a variety of settings such as monitoring political ...

Incident solar radiation at the Earth's surface is the result of a complex interaction of energy between the atmosphere and the surface. Recently much progress has been made towards the creation of accurate, physically-based solar radiation formulations that can model this interaction over topographic and other surfaces (such as plant canopies) for a large range of spatial and temporal scales. ...

the biological effects of low-dose radiation exposure are increasingly better understood, continued research is needed to develop better individual risk-based models. Human population exposures to low doses of ionizing radiation (defined by the US Department of Energy as less than 10 rem or 0.1 Sv) are increasing due to occupational exposures of nuclear plant workers, waste managers and medical...

Radiation-induced (RI) secondary cancers were not a major clinical concern even as little as 15 years ago. However, advances in cancer diagnostics, therapy, and supportive care have saved numerous lives and many former cancer patients are now living for 5, 10, 20, and more years beyond their initial diagnosis. The majority of these patients have received radiotherapy as a part of their treatmen...

Radiation therapy is a key weapon in the modern arsenal of cancer treatment. However, this effective treatment comes with risks of its own, and the sheer number of patients that undergo radiation as a part of their therapy regimen is only increasing. As this number increases, so does the incidence of secondary, radiation-induced neoplasias, creating a need for therapeutic agents targeted specif...

We review some basic features of shear wave generation and energy balance for a 2D antiplane rupture. We first study the energy balance for a flat fault, and for a fault that contains a single localized kink. We determine an exact expression for the partition between strain energy flow released from the elastic medium surrounding the fault, radiated energy flow and energy release rate. This bal...

Risk estimation in radiation carcinogenesis depends primarily on epidemiological data and hazard rate models. The A-bomb survivors follow-up provides information on the complexity of this process. Several hazard rate models are briefly discussed and illustrated using the A-bomb experience.

Internal radiation dosimetry has a fundamental and growing role in planning nuclear medicine therapies with radionuclides. The principle of nuclear medicine therapy is to destroy pathologic tissues through the irradiation with the ionizing radiation emitted by properly chosen radionuclides, while preserving other organs and tissues from unnecessary exposure to the same radiation. In order to re...

Glioblastomas (GBM) are lethal brain tumors that can be triggered by exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), even at low doses from CT scans [1]. High doses of IR are also used to treat GBM, but the irradiated tumors inevitably recur. This raises the possibility that genomic changes induced by radiation may contribute not only to glioma initiation, but also to tumor recurrence. Thus, there is a co...

The purpose of the Center for Radiative Shock Hydrodynamics was to test methods that evaluate predictive capabilities for modeling complex phenomena. The phenomenon of interest was a radiation hydrodynamics experiment and the predictor was a multiphysics computer code. CRASH completed its primary objectives in the experimental, numerical simulation, and predictive science facets of the project....