Air shower simulations are essential for interpreting data from cosmic ray experiments. At highest energies though, a microscopic treatment of a whole shower is not possible any more, since it would require a huge amount of CPU-time. We review hybrid approaches of air shower simulation which try to overcome this problem without giving rise to artificial fluctuations as generated by the thinning...

The internal structure of jets produced in pp collisions at the LHC is measured using the ATLAS detector in an inclusive jet sample corresponding to 35 pb−1 of pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV. Classical jet shape and energy flow measurements are complemented with measurements of new substructure observables with comparisons made to several leading order parton shower Monte Carlo programs. The jet ...

As a basis for the interpretation of data gathered by LOPES and other experiments, we have carried out Monte Carlo simulations of geosynchrotron radio emission from cosmic ray air showers. The simulations, having been verified carefully with analytical calculations, reveal a wealth of information on the characteristics of the radio signal and their dependence on specific air shower parameters. ...

Abnormal behavior of dopant activation was observed in P + /B + ion shower doped poly-Si upon post implant annealing. Phosphorous or boron was implanted by ion shower doping using a source gas mixture of PH3/H2 or B2H6/H2. Activation annealing was conducted using a tube furnace in the temperature ranges from 350 o C to 650 o C. Hall measurement revealed that reverse annealing occurred for poly-...

Spatial distributions of energy deposited by an extensive air shower in the atmosphere through ionization, as obtained from the CORSIKA simulation program, are used to find the fluorescence light distribution in the optical image of the shower. The shower image derived in this way is somewhat smaller than that obtained from the NKG lateral distribution of particles in the shower. The size of th...

The objective of this work is to report on the modifications in air shower development due to muon bremsstrahlung and muonic pair production. In order to do that we have implemented new muon bremsstrahlung and muonic pair production procedures in the AIRES air shower simulation system, and have used it to simulate ultra high energy showers in different conditions. The influence of the mentioned...

Residential households have the potential to conserve water, especially in behaviourally influenced end uses such as showering. Visual display monitors detailing shower water consumption parameters provide householders with a better understanding of their water use consumption and serve as a prompt to conserve. This longitudinal study first applied high resolution smart meters to create a regis...

The future of ground based gamma ray astronomy lies in large arrays of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) with better capabilities: lower energy threshold, higher sensitivity, better resolution and background rejection. Currently, designs for the next generation of IACT arrays are being explored by various groups. We have studied possible configurations with a large number of teles...