Moving picture experts group (MPEG)-4 visual conformance standard specifies methods to verify whether bitstreams and decoders meet the requirements at a specified profile and level. The test of decoders can be divided into two parts: static and dynamic tests. The static test can be performed by comparing images from a decoder under test with those from a reference decoder using various test bit...

In the standardization of versatile video coding (VVC), discrete cosine transform (DCT)-2, sine (DST)-7, and DCT-8 are regarded as primary kernels. However, DST-4 DCT-4 can also be considered kernels instead using DST-7 owing to their effectiveness in smaller resolution test sequences. To implement these different block size kernels, a considerable amount memory has allocated. Moreover, consump...

BACKGROUND Rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli (GNB) is required for optimal treatment of infected patients. We developed and assessed a new disk carbapenemase test (DCT). METHODS Paper disks containing 0.3 mg of imipenem and bromothymol blue indicator were developed, and the performance of the DCT were evaluated by using 742 strains of GNB with or without carbape...

Discrete cosine transform dct-i, unlike dct-ii, does not concentrate the energy of a transformed vector sufficiently well, so it is not used practically for the purposes of digital image compression. By performing regular normalization of the basic cosine transform matrix, we obtain a discrete cosine transform which has the same cosine basis as dct-i, coincides as dct-i with its own inverse tra...

Testing pragmatic competence has always posed daunting challenges to researchers and practitioners. As a step to address the gap in pragmatic testing, this paper delineates the procedural stages of developing and validating a context-sensitive Multiple Choice Discourse Completion Test (MDCT). Following a unitary view of validity, tenable argument and empirical evidence was accumulated to suppor...