The parameter identifiability problem for dynamic system ODE models has been extensively studied. Nevertheless, except for linear ODE models, the question of establishing identifiable combinations of parameters when the model is unidentifiable has not received as much attention and the problem is not fully resolved for nonlinear ODEs. Identifiable combinations are useful, for example, for the r...

the present article studies the quds city and the holy status it has gained in the history. it also reviews its geographical and historical characteristics in time especially the historical demography of this city and its neighbors in the 16th century. this century starts with the occupation of the city by crusaders and thus the decrement of population due to the death of 70 thousand people of ...

We present a graph-theoretic model of discourse based on the Questions Under Discussion (QUD) framework. Questions and assertions are treated as edges connecting discourse states in a rooted graph, modeling the introduction and resolution of various QUDs as paths through this graph. The amount of common ground presupposed by interlocutors at any given point in a discourse corresponds to graphic...

PURPOSE Differential diagnosis between acute optic disc edema (ODE) and optic disc pseudoedema (PODE) may be a clinical challenge even for well-trained ophthalmologists. Funduscopy remains the first-line investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of funduscopy in differentiating ODE from PODE. METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectiona...

BACKGROUND Agriculture organic dust exposures induce lung disease with lymphoid aggregates comprised of both T and B cells. The precise role of B cells in mediating lung inflammation is unknown, yet might be relevant given the emerging role of B cells in obstructive pulmonary disease and associated autoimmunity. METHODS Using an established animal model, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and B-cell rece...

The increasing use of distributed computer systems leads to an increasing need for distributed applications. Their development in various domains like office automation or computer integrated manufacturing is not sufficiently supported by current techniques. New software engineering concepts are needed in the three areas ‘languages’, ‘tools’, and ‘environments’. We believe that objectoriented t...

By measuring messenger RNA levels for all genes in a sample, RNA-seq provides an attractive option to characterize the global changes in transcription. RNA-seq is becoming the widely used platform for gene expression profiling. However, real transcription signals in the RNA-seq data are confounded with measurement and sequencing errors and other random biological/technical variation. To extract...

Sustained oscillations are frequently observed in biological systems consisting of a negative feedback loop, but a mathematical model with two ordinary differential equations (ODE) that has a negative feedback loop structure fails to produce sustained oscillations. Only when a time delay is introduced into the system by expanding to a three-ODE model, transforming to a two-DDE model, or introdu...

Upconversion nanocrystals NCs of NaYF4:Yb,Ln Ln=Er and Tm in cubic and hexagonal phases were synthesized in oleic acid OA and/or trioctylphosphine TOP with octadecene ODE via a thermolysis method. Only cubic-phase NCs were obtained in OA/ODE and TOP/ODE solvents; on the other hand, the hexagonal-phase NCs resulted in OA/TOP/ODE. The phase transition from cubic to hexagonal was induced by a liga...