iran is renowned as one of the olive origins in the world; therefore, characterizing and conserving the existing genotypes compared to exotic cultivars and organizing these genotypes are of critical importance. one of the most important factors in successful cultivation of olive trees is the identification and selection of suitable cultivars for each geographic region to produce oil with approp...

Widespread adaptation of biomass production for bioenergy may influence important biogeochemical functions in the landscape, which are mainly carried out by soil microbes. Here we explore the impact of four potential bioenergy feedstock crops (maize, switchgrass, Miscanthus X giganteus, and mixed tallgrass prairie) on nitrogen cycling microorganisms in the soil by monitoring the changes in the ...

The eastern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf (approximately 144,000 km2), while dominated by unconsolidated sediments, contains diverse hard bottom habitats critical to economically important reef fishes. Although high-resolution mapping exists for several well-known features (e.g. Florida Middle Grounds, Sticky Grounds), the majority remains unmapped. Through efforts conducted in support fishe...

In this paper we seek to account for scalar implicatures and Horn’s division of pragmatic labor in game-theoretical terms by making use mainly of refinements of the standard solution concept of signaling games. Scalar implicatures are accounted for in terms of Farrell’s (1993) notion of a ‘Neologism-Proof’ equilibrium together with Grice’s maxim of Quality. Horn’s division of pragmatic labor is...

harvester ants are known as one of the most renowned bio-disturbances in the arid and semi-arid ecosystems that affecte vegetation by collecting seeds and harvesting plants. it seems that physiognomy of plant association in steppe shrub land of roodshoor, saveh, iran has been highly changed by harvester ants’ activities that caused to conduct this research. the study was carried out on active a...

The purpose was to investigate whether clusters-based on physical activity (PA) and eating habits-can be found among children, and to explore subgroups' characteristics. A total of 1725 10-year olds completed a self-administered questionnaire. K-means cluster analysis was based on the weekly quantity of vigorous and moderate PA, the excess index (weekly consumption of sugar and/or fat) and the ...

In this paper, we review 2nd and 3rd generation wireless telephony systems, both in terms of technology and service concepts. We point out some of the technical and service issues that may a ect the functionality and performance from the user point of view. In particular, we focus on one technical and one service concept important for long term success of 3rd generation systems: transmit divers...

A collaborative environmental eScience project produces a broad range of data, notable as much for its diversity, in source and format, as its quantity. We find that extensible markup language (XML) and associated technologies are invaluable in managing this deluge of data. We describe Fo X, a toolkit for allowing Fortran codes to read and write XML, thu...