The dynamic behaviour of discrete event systems with only maximum timing constraints (or, dually, only minimum timing constraints) can be studied by linear methods based on max-plus algebra, as discussed in the recent book \Synchronization and Linearity" by Bac-celli, Cohen, Quadrat and Olsder. Systems with both maximum and minimum constraints are non-linear from this perspective and only limit...

A transect of 68 acid grasslands across Great Britain, covering the lower range of ambient annual nitrogen deposition in the industrialized world (5 to 35 kg Nha-1 year-1), indicates that long-term, chronic nitrogen deposition has significantly reduced plant species richness. Species richness declines as a linear function of the rate of inorganic nitrogen deposition, with a reduction of one spe...

Habitat degradation that occurs in the mangrove ecosystem will have an impact on presence of associated biota found ecosystem, including macrozoobenthos. If it continues, threaten sustainability macrozoobenthos resources which are characterized by decreasing abundance and is not even impossible one day they become extinct. The purpose this research to analyze species composition species. This w...

Floral resources are a key driver of pollinator abundance and diversity, yet their quantification in the field laboratory is laborious requires specialist skills. Using dataset 25,000 labelled tags fieldwork-realistic quality, convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) was trained to detect nectar-producing floral units 25 taxa surveyors’ quadrat images native, weed-rich grassland United Kingd...

Patterns in community structure of meiofauna and macrofauna in relation to Portuguese clam dredging were compared during a 2-y-period o¡ Lagos and Vilamoura, south Portugal. SCUBA divers randomly sampled corer and quadrat samples before and immediately after simulating commercial dredge ¢shery. Univariate measures (abundance, number of taxa, evenness, diversity and biomass) and multivariate ana...

spatial pattern of trees can possibly indicate stand history, population dynamics, and species competition. this research was investigated in the chahartagh forest reserve, ardal region, chaharmehal and bakhtiari province, central zagros forest, and southwest iranian state. in this study 53 hectare of the study area was selected and perfect inventory.  information includes the position and kind...

The property of nanocomposites is crucially affected by nanoparticle dispersion. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is the “golden standard” in nanoparticle dispersion characterization. A TEM Micrograph is a 2-dimensional (2D) projection of a 3-dimentional (3D) ultra-thin specimen (50~100 nanometers thick) along the optic axis. Existing dispersion quantification methods assume complete spat...