Abstract. With the increased occurrence of wildfires around world, interest in chemistry pyrogenic organic matter (pyOM) and its fate environment has increased. Upon leaching from soils by rain events, significant amounts dissolved pyOM (pyDOM) enter aquatic interact with microbial communities that are essential for cycling within different biogeochemical cycles. To evaluate biodegradability py...

An in vitro model was used to compare the effects of linezolid, clindamycin, and penicillin, alone and in combination, on streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE A) release against virulent group A streptococci (GAS). All regimens exhibited lower (P < 0.05) SPE A release at 1 h than those with penicillin alone. Linezolid and clindamycin, alone or in combination with penicillin, may optimize the...

Black (pyrogenic) carbon in boreal forests: a synthesis of current knowledge and uncertainties C. M. Preston and M. W. I. Schmidt Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 506 W. Burnside Rd., Victoria BC, V8Z 1M5, Canada Dept. of Geography, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland Received: 22 December 2005 – Accepted: 12 January 2006 – Published: 28 Februa...

The cocrystal structure of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SPE C) with HLA-DR2a (DRA*0101,DRB5*0101) revealed a zinc-dependent interaction site through residues 167, 201, and 203 on SPE C and residue 81 on the beta-chain of HLA-DR2a (DRA*0101,DRB5*0101). Mutation of these SPE C residues resulted in dramatically reduced biological activities. Thus, the zinc-dependent major histocompatibility...

Group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE) types A, B, and C are potent nonspecific lymphocyte mitogens. The mitogenicity of these exotoxins was inhibited by gangliosides and sialic acid, whereas concanavalin A was unaffected. The capacity of both concanavalin A and SPE-A to stimulate lymphocytes was suppressed by alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside. Galactose reduced the activity of SPE-C. The...

The effect of treating rabbits with materials which destroy the cell receptors for influenzal viruses upon the ability of these animals to respond with fever to injection of the PR8 and Lee strains of influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is described. In general, both cholera vibrio and Cl. welchii filtrates produced diminution of febrile responses. The effect of sodium periodate u...

Charred materials (anthracomass) stored within a soil constitute major part of its pyrogenic archive and could provide evidence past fire events, both natural anthropogenic. However, the dynamics man-made contributions to total anthracomass at different time scales are insufficiently understood. In this study, we determined concentrations, stocks, particle-size distribution in anthropogenically...

Fever is the widely known hallmark of disease and is induced by the action of the nervous system. It is generally accepted that prostaglandin (PG) E(2) is produced in response to immune signals and then acts on the preoptic area (POA), which triggers the stimulation of the sympathetic system, resulting in the production of fever. Actually, the EP3 subtype of PGE receptor, which is essential for...