Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) has an age-adjusted prevalence of 12% in the United States, causes significant morbidity and is associated with excess cardiovascular mortality. Contrastenhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) often substitutes for the more invasive ―gold standard‖ procedure of digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Given the frequency of renal functional impairment in...

The use of endovascular technique for peripheral vascular disease (PVD) has evolved and new devices and techniques were being developed. Even after recent development of noninvasive diagnosis of PVD, angiography is still the gold standard for the evaluation of stenotic and occluded lesions. Without precise angiographic information, endovascular therapy can not be performed. In this chapter, the...

The report suggests determining the microvascular flow index (MFI), the perfused vessel density (PVD) and the percentage of perfused vessels (PPV). For the MFI a grid is used dividing the screen into four quadrants, and the vessels are scored according to observed flow: 0 = none, 1 = intermittent, 2 = sluggish, 3 = continuous. For the PVD and the PPV, three equidistant horizontal and vertical l...

Indentat~on technque was used to characterize the mechanical properties (elastic modulus, hardness and toughness) both of PVD coatmgs and autocatallt~c chem~cal deposition ones. TIN and TiCN films m ere respectively depos~ted on a duple.: s t adess steel substrate using PVD technque. moreover a Nip films (P content about 8O6) and a NIPIB,C composite ones were used as comparison materials The ef...

The substrate material was nickel-based superalloy (In738LC), and CoNiCrAlY was pressureless plasma-sprayed on the substrate as the bond coating. As the top coating, zirconia with 4 mol% yttria was electron beam-physical vapor deposited (EB-PVD) on the rotating substrate. The rotation speeds in the EB-PVD process were 5, 10 and 20rpm. The specimens were exposed to 1273K in air atmosphere for 20...

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been used as a thermal/environmental barrier coating for gas turbine engine blades. Current methods of fabrication include air plasma spraying (APS) and electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The APS technique results in a coating that loses effectiveness with thermal cycling. The EB-PVD technique deposits a columnar microstructure which accommoda...

This paper highlights a number of challenges and solutions developed to meet the needs of MEMS manufacturers using 3D packaging for low I/O count devices. Various process steps, such as, TSV etch, dielectric liner deposition, barrier/seed PVD have been developed and optimized to increase electrical performance, increase throughput and reduce costs for volume production. In particular, various s...

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is an atherosclerotic disease affecting the lower extremities, resulting in skeletal muscle ischemia, intermittent claudication, and, in more severe stages of disease, limb amputation and death. The evaluation of therapy in this patient population can be challenging, as the standard clinical indices are insensitive to assessment of regional alterations in skele...

Sensory neurons adopt distinct morphologies and functional modalities to mediate responses to specific stimuli. Transcription factors and their downstream effectors orchestrate this outcome but are incompletely defined. Here, we show that different classes of mechanosensory neurons in C. elegans are distinguished by the combined action of the transcription factors MEC-3, AHR-1, and ZAG-1. Low l...

purpose: to describe the association between optic disc traction and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (naion). methods: eighty three eyes of 83 patients with naion were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (oct) for detecting vitreous adhesion to the optic nerve head with separation from adjacent retina (partial posterior vitreous detachment). those who were negative for su...