Untapped pine needles with high potential for energy generation in the hilly area are not only a waste of resource but also increase the chance of environmental hazards as forest fires and GHG emission. This study is conducted to propose a new hybrid system (PV/Wind/Biomass) using abundant pine needle resource as a replacement of existing roof-mounted PV/wind hybrid system and analyse the feasi...

This paper describes the modeling and control of a three-phase grid-connected converter fed by a photovoltaic array. The converter is composed of an isolated DC-DC converter and a three-phase DC-AC voltage source inverter The converters are modeled in order to obtain small-signal transfer functions that are used in the design of three closed-loop controllers: for the output voltage of the PV ar...

Because of their low cost, photovoltaic (PV) cells made from upgraded metallurgical grade silicon (UMG-Si) are a promising alternative to conventional solar grade silicon-based PV cells. This study investigates the outdoor performance of a 1.26 kW grid-connected UMG-Si PV system over five years, reporting the energy yields and performance ratio and estimating the long-term performance degradati...

Patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) harbor antibodies reactive against self-antigens expressed at the surface of keratinocytes, primarily desmoglein (Dsg) 3 and, to a lesser extent, Dsg1. Conventionally, only antibodies targeting these molecules have been thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis. This notion has been challenged by a growing pool of evidence that suggests that antibodies ...

Solar energy availability and high installation costs of photovoltaic system encourage to extract maximum power from solar radiation. Since conventional methods cannot differentiate change in power due to perturb voltage and changing weather condition, these algorithms are prone to change under varying climatic conditions. The proposed system presents the high efficiency maximum power point tra...

The output power induced in the photovoltaic modules depends on solar radiation and temperature of the solar cells. To maximize the efficiency of the system, it is necessary to track the maximum power point of the PV array. In this paper an application of sliding mode control strategy is applied to track maximum power of photovoltaic cells. In this control system, it is necessary to measure the...

The paraventricular (PV) and paratenial (PT) nuclei are prominent cell groups of the midline thalamus. To our knowledge, only a single early report has examined PV projections and no previous study has comprehensively analyzed PT projections. By using the anterograde anatomical tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, and the retrograde tracer, FluoroGold, we examined the efferent projection...

It is a great challenge for DC microgrids with stochastic renewable sources and volatility loads to achieve better operation performance. This study proposes an energy management strategy based on multiple operating states for a DC microgrid, which is comprised of a photovoltaic (PV) array, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, and a battery bank. This proposed strategy can share...

-Electrodynamic screens (EDS) have proved to be an efficient method for dust removal from a variety of surfaces including photovoltaic (PV) cells. An EDS is composed of a series of parallel electrodes on a substrate that is energized by a three phase high-voltage amplifier. This technology would be critical for deployment of PV arrays in remote, dusty atmospheres such as the surface of mars. As...