An organism obtained from the pneumonic lungs of eleven white rats is described. It has been maintained in pure culture in a number of instances. In young cultures the organism appears as a long slender bacillus. In older cultures on coagulated serum media characteristic club-like capsular material is formed. On blood agar characteristic swellings appear at one or both ends of the rod. These be...

Severe hemorrhagic enterocolitis was observed in a Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) and a lion (Panthera leo). Both animals developed acute depression, anorexia, and bloody diarrhea several days before death. Small and large intestines were diffusely congested, edematous, necrotic, and filled with hemorrhagic fluid, and mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged and congested. Pure and abunda...

There exist many methods for the application of the Gram stain to histological sections, and with all of them there is generally no difficulty in recognising Gram-positive organisms. However, with most of the well-recognised methods Gram-negative bacteria are difficult to distinguish from the background. Twort's method distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from the background but is relatively t...

Cladophora and Enteromorpha are the filamentous green-algal genuses that have a widespread distribution in Caspian Sea Coast. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activities of Cladophora and Enteromorpha in South of Caspian Sea. Antibacterial activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of five different gram negative and positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus su...

Paralana is an active, radon-containing hot spring situated in a region of South Australia's Flinders Ranges with a long history of hydrothermal activity. Our aim was to determine the bacterial composition of Paralana using a culture-independent, 16S rRNA-based technique. The presence of a diverse bacterial community was strongly suggested by the large number (approximately 180) of different ri...

A bacterium was isolated from garden soil in basal salts medium containing p-nitrophenol (PNP). Subsequent subcultures in basal salts agar, nutrient agar plates and agar slants by streaking led to isolation of pure colonies. The pure culture could degrade up to 300 mg/L PNP in presence of yeast extract. It was Gram positive rods, mostly single, catalase-positive, hydrolyzing strach and casein b...

Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes were applied to FTA filters, and the filters were used directly as templates to demonstrate their sensitivity and applicability in PCR-based detection assays. With pure cultures, the sensitivities of detection by FTA filter-based PCR were 30 to 50 and 200 CFU for the gram-negative enterics and Listeria, resp...

Complexes of 3-[{3-(3'-bromo phenyl)}-prop-2-enoyl]-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one with Cu(II), Ni(II), Fe(II), Co(II) and Mn(II) have been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, IR spectra and conductivity measurements. These studies revealed that they are having octahedral geometry of the type [ML2 (H2O)2]. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of all synthesized compounds and...

Gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were found to display different sensitivities to pure singlet oxygen generated outside of cells. Killing curves for Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains were indicative of multihit killing, whereas curves for Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, and Streptococcus faecalis exhibited single-hit kinetics. The S. typhimu...