Nanosecond pulsed electric fields are emerging as a new modality for tissue and tumor ablation. We previously reported that cells exposed to pulsed electric fields develop hypersensitivity to subsequent pulsed electric field applications. This phenomenon, named electrosensitization, is evoked by splitting the pulsed electric field treatment in fractions (split-dose treatments) and causes in vit...

Applying the temporal and spatial Fourier transform method, we obtain a nonparaxial pulsed beam solution, which is based on the paraxial pulsed beam solution, where the nonparaxiality is evaluated by using a series of expansions. Specifically, the general lowest-order correction field is given in an integral form. Some special examples, such as the lowest-order correction to the paraxial approx...

Amorphous alloys can be electrodeposited by direct or pulsed current. According to electrocrystallization theory, a high crystallization overpotential produces microcrystalline structure in the deposits. Thus if the amorphous phase consists of microcrystals, pulsed current is preferable for preparing amorphous alloys. However, another newly proposed theory holds that the amorphous phase structu...

Pulsed ultra-wideband (UWB) transceivers offer the potential for ultra-low-energy/bit operation because the signals are inherently duty-cycled. By eliminating components with long startup times, such as a phase-locked loop, all components in a pulsed-UWB transceiver can be disabled during the interval between pulses. This work focuses on an all-digital, pulsed-UWB transmitter that requires no a...

We studied the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors by the RNase protection assay in chlamydia-pulsed dendritic cells to better understand their potent anti-chlamydial immunizing properties. We found that chlamydia-pulsed dendritic cells express a complex profile of inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules. These include CCR-7, interleukin-12, and interferon-induced p...

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