This study investigates the effect of corruption on trade-off between capital and current expenditures in a panel 48 African countries over period 2000–2016. Based statistical yearbooks, we compile disaggregated data public finances for find that high prevalence distorts composition at expense share expenditure. Specifically, an increase by one standard deviation is associated with decrease pro...

background: protecting households against financial risks is one of objectives of any health system. in this regard, iran's fourth five year developmental plan act in its 90th article, articulated decreasing household's exposure to catastrophic health expenditure to one percent. hence, this study aimed to measure percentage of iranian households exposed to catastrophic health expenditures and t...

Consumers value nonmarket amenities such as climate, public goods, infrastructure, and pollution. They pay for these localized amenities indirectly, through spatial variation in housing prices and wages. In this paper, we develop a macroeconomic measure of indirect amenity expenditures that is consistent with microeconomic fundamentals of spatial equilibrium and principles of national income ac...

BACKGROUND Access to medicines is one of the major challenges in health policy. The high out-of-pocket expenditures on medicines in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region represents important barrier to affordable access to care for NCDs. This paper aim to identify key barriers in access to medicines for household members with a diagnosed chronic condition in three Central America countr...

Background One of the main objectives of health systems is the financial protection against out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditures. OOP health expenditures can lead to catastrophic payments, impoverishment or poverty among households. In Iran, health sector evolution plan (HSEP) has been implemented since 2014 in order to achieve universal health coverage and reduce the OOP health expenditures...

Excerpt] Rates of tuition increases in both private and public higher education that continually exceed inflation, coupled with the fact that the United States no longer leads the world in terms of the fraction of our young adults who have college degrees, have focused attention on why costs keep increasing in higher education and what categories of higher education expenditures have been growi...

Increasingly the governments are facing pressures to increase budgetary allocations to social sectors. Recently there has been suggestion to increase the government budget allocations to health sector and increase it to 3 per cent of GDP. Is this feasible goal and in what time-frame? Health being State subject in India and much depends on the ability of the State governments to allocate higher ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level and distribution of household health care expenditures in Morocco, and to compare the level of health care funds provided by households with the levels provided by the government and international donors. In addition, the reliance of poor and non-poor households on both public and private providers was investigated. The study was based on d...

While homeland security is widely seen as an important national objective, the costs of this effort are not well understood. An analysis of public and private expenditures on homeland security shows that overall spending rose by $34 billion between 2001 and 2005—a clear increase but one that represents a gain of only 1⁄4 of 1 percent as a share of U.S. GDP. Private sector expenditures increased...