This paper extends the club model of religion to better account for observed patterns of extremism. We adapt existing models to a multi-agent framework and analyze the distribution of agents and clubs. We find that extremism is more successful when religious groups are able to produce close substitutes for standard goods and that increased access to publicly provided goods can reduce the extrem...

Many AIDS-related issues are polarised. At the social level, civil rights or liberties are seen as being in conflict with general utility, and an analogous distinction is often assumed to exist at the one-to-one, individual level at which doctors work. In this paper the latter form of the distinction is argued to be false. By seeing autonomy as part of welfare, doctors can think more directly a...

How do citizens balance their preferences for civil liberties and security in the context of a competitive party system? Using case terrorism counter-terrorism, I argue that willingness to support restrictions does not only depend on external shocks being targeted by counter-policy. Instead, it also depends ideological match with policymakers terrorist actors. an original survey experiment cond...

Design/methodology/approach: This research analyzes the carbon disclosure of 1328 companies based in 19 countries. The level democracy, corruption and civil liberties countries was measured using variables from Varieties Democracy database. data were analyzed three econometric models. Purpose: paper answers following question: How does country affect disclosure? Findings: results show that is a...

The conventional view of the impact of terrorism on democracy in America since 9/11 is bleak. Pundits in the mass media, candidates on the campaign trail, and scholarly experts portray the United States as a fearful nation whose people are worried about the next terrorist attack and are willing to sacrifice civil liberties at home and support costly and aggressive policies abroad (Ackerman 2007...

Growth, History, or Institutions? What Explains State Fragility in Sub-Saharan Africa We explore the determinants of state fragility in sub-Saharan Africa. Controlling for a wide range of economic, demographic, geographic and istitutional regressors, we find that institutions, and in particular the civil liberties index and the number of revolutions, are the main determinants of fragility, even...

Bayesian model averaging is applied to robustly ascertain the determinants of various output volatility measures, including the downside semideviation of growth rates. Financial sophistication variables are found to have qualitatively different effects on volatility. The ratio of government expenditure to GDP exhibited a significant positive relationship with volatility and the trade share of G...