In the developing brain, initial neuronal projections are formed through extensive growth and branching of developing axons, but many branches are later pruned to sculpt the mature pattern of connections. Despite its widespread occurrence, the mechanisms controlling pruning remain incompletely characterized. Based on pharmacological and biochemical analysis in vitro and initial genetic analysis...

This study aimed to determine the effects of root pruning on the physicochemical characteristics and microbial activities of poplar rhizosphere soil. The root systems of 5-year-old poplar (Populus×euramericana cv. 'Neva') trees were manually pruned at 6, 8, or 10 times diameter at breast height (DBH) from the trunk (severe, moderate, and light, respectively) along both inter-row sides. Moderate...

The brain blood vasculature consists of a highly ramified vessel network that is tailored to meet its physiological functions. How the brain vasculature is formed has long been fascinating biologists. Here we report that the developing vasculature in the zebrafish midbrain undergoes not only angiogenesis but also extensive vessel pruning, which is driven by changes in blood flow. This pruning p...

We present new methods for pruning and enhancing itemsets for text classification via association rule mining. Pruning methods are based on dependency syntax and enhancing methods are based on replacing words by their hyperonyms of various orders. We discuss the impact of these methods, compared to pruning based on tfidf rank of words.

In this correspondence, a generalized output pruning algorithm for matrix-vector multiplication is proposed. It is shown that for a given decomposition of the matrix of the transform kernel and the pruning pattern, the unnecessary operations for computing an output pruning discrete cosine transform (DCT) can be eliminated thoroughly by using the proposed algorithm

When trained on very large parallel corpora, the phrase table component of a machine translation system grows to consume vast computational resources. In this paper, we introduce a novel pruning criterion that places phrase table pruning on a sound theoretical foundation. Systematic experiments on four language pairs under various data conditions show that our principled approach is superior to...

Cube pruning is a fast inexact method for generating the items of a beam decoder. In this paper, we show that cube pruning is essentially equivalent to A* search on a specific search space with specific heuristics. We use this insight to develop faster and exact variants of cube pruning.

continual bearing and production of the highest quality fruits in kiwi requires initial training and regular annual pruning. effects of three training systems including t-bar, as a common training system, modified ty (mty) and y-shape (y), and two pruning levels (60 and 80 buds per vine) was studied on yield and quality characteristics of kiwifruit ‘hayward’. experiment was carried out in a fac...

Abstract Coffee production success in Indonesia was strongly affected by culture technique, for instance, proper pruning. Pruning Arabica coffee seedling is one of techniques to boost productivity cutting the plant shoots and stems. This study aims determine effectiveness shoot pruning 50% on growth seedlings. Data processing carried out statistical methods compare or test average data two pair...

In this paper, we describe University of Otago’s participation in Ad Hoc, Link-the-Wiki Tracks, Efficiency and Data Centric Tracks of INEX 2010. In the Link-the-Wiki Track, we show that the simpler relevance summation method works better for producing Best Entry Points (BEP). In the Ad Hoc Track, we discusses the effect of various stemming algorithms. In the Efficiency Track, we compare three q...