statement of problem: dental caries is one of the common diseases in the world. it is an infective disease which is caused by loss of minerals and destruction of dental tissues. one of the most effective ways to diagnose the interproximal caries is radiography. bitewing radiography is the best way for caries diagnosis. purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the interpr...

The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is a complex joint involved in pronosupination and ulnocarpal motion and support. The ulnar head, in a rolling, sliding motion, moves from the dorsal to the volar rim of the sigmoid notch as the joint moves from pronation to supination. The triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) is taut first dorsally and then volarly in the same sequence. The ulnar carpus is support...

The ligament reconstruction technique described closely reconstructs the anatomic origin and insertion of the palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments. In a series of 14 patients, stability was completely restored in 12. Patients were able to return to their previous work, athletic activities, and avocations without limitations. Recovery of strength and motion was at least 85%. One patient with i...

There is still controversy regarding the value of arthroscopic suture of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) peripheral tears compared with open transosseous repair because only the latter method restores foveal insertions of TFCC in case of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability. Five classes of TFCC peripheral tears are recognized in a treatment-oriented algorithm based on arthroscop...

OBJECTIVE Evaluation of postoperative results of repair of distal biceps brachii ruptures through a two anterior mini-incisions. METHODS Nine patients with clinical and imaging (MRI) diagnosis of total lesion of the biceps brachii at its insertion were operated with a surgical technique with two mini-incisions between 2008 and 2011. The patients were evaluated after three months of evolution ...

The TFCC consists of triangular fibrocartilage (TFC), meniscus homologue, ulnolunate ligament, ulnotriquetral ligament, radioulnar ligament, and sheath floor of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU). The TFCC functions as a stabilizer of the ulnocarpal and DRU joints, load distributor between ulna and ulnar carpus and introduces smooth forearm rotation. The TFCC is a hammock-like shape supporting an...

INTRODUCTION The Galeazzi fracture-dislocation was originally described by Sir Astley Cooper in 1822 but was named after Italian surgeon Ricardo Galeazzi in 1934. It is an injury classified as a radial shaft fracture with associated dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint and disruption of the forearm axis joint. The associated distal radioulnar joint injury may be purely ligamentous in natu...

Pain on the ulnar side of the wrist remains poorly understood. As attention has shifted toward the myriad causes of ulnar-sided wrist pain, the utility of viewing the wrist from a volar ulnar (VU) perspective has emerged. Lunotriquetral ligament tears have been implicated in the pathogenesis of volar intercalated segmental instabilities. They often originate in the palmar subregion, which is mo...