We apply our recently formulated Gluon Exchange Model (GEM) to baryon production in proton-nucleus reactions involving N>1 proton-nucleon collisions. propose a description scheme for the process of soft color octet (gluon) exchange, based on assumption that probabilities form an effective diquark are equal all allowed pairs quarks. The latter can either from two valence, one valence and sea, or...

In order to optimise the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and maximise their life cycle, water content has be properly controlled. This paper presents a model-based method determine effect load on PEMFC in PEMFCs using Acoustic Emission (AE) measurements. The developed model was implemented COMSOL verified single proton exchange membrane fuel cell (FC) operated under ...

We report here a novel proton exchange membrane with remarkably high methanol-permeation resistivity and excellent proton conductivity enabled by carefully designed self-assembled ionic conductive channels. A direct methanol fuel cell utilizing the membrane performs well with a 20 M methanol solution, very close to the concentration of neat methanol.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising energy conversion devices for the future society for their high energy conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, and structural compactness. Therefore, PEMFCs have attracted great attention from academic and industry institutions; and billions of dollars of research funding from both private organizations and governmental agenc...

The ionization mechanism in dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization and the effect of solvent on the ionization efficiency was studied using 7 naphthalenes and 13 different solvent systems. The ionization efficiency was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher with dopant than without, indicating that the photoionization of the dopant initiates the ionization process. In positive ion mode, t...

An inorganic proton exchange membrane based on sintered mesoporous silica and phosphoric acid was developed with a high proton conductivity of 0.06 S cm(-1) at 200 °C, achieving an excellent power output of 689 mW cm(-2) in H2 at 190 °C and 200 mW cm(-2) in methanol at 200 °C with no external humidification.

We calculated two–photon exchange effects for elastic electron–proton scattering at high momentum transfers. The corresponding nucleon Compton amplitude is defined by two space–like virtual photons that appear to have significant virtualities. We make predictions for a) a single–spin beam asymmetry, and b) a single–spin target asymmetry or recoil proton polarization caused by an unpolarized ele...