Retroviruses cause cancers in a variety of animals and humans. Research on retroviruses has provided important insights into mechanisms of oncogenesis in humans, including the discovery of viral oncogenes and cellular proto-oncogenes. The subject of this review is the mechanisms by which retroviruses that do not carry oncogenes (non-acute retroviruses) cause cancers. The common theme is that th...

Background: Ecstasy, mainly composed of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), is one of the most popular addictive synthetic drugs. This study was aimed to investigate the amount of MDMA in the ecstasy tablets seized in West Azerbaijan province, northwest Iran and also to assess the relationship between the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the tablets. Methods: MDMA cont...

BACKGROUND Provision of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected children is complicated using syrup formulations, which are costlier than tablets, harder to transport and store and difficult for health-workers to prescribe and caregivers to administer. Dispersible/crushable tablets may be more appropriate. We studied the acceptability of syrups and scored tablets among young children who...

The demand for FDT (Fast Disintegrating Tablet) has been increasing from the last decade particularly in geriatric, pediatric and patient with some sort of disabilities in swallowing. FDTs are those tablets which when placed in mouth get dissolved rapidly in saliva without the need of liquid and can be swallowed. European pharmacopoeia adopted the term Orodispersible tablet for FDTs. Fast disin...

The decision criteria for the physical appearance of pharmaceutical products are subjective and qualitative means of evaluation that are based entirely on human interpretation. In this study, we have developed a comprehensive method for the quantitative analysis of the physical appearance of film coated tablets. Three different kinds of film coated tablets with considerable differences in their...

The theory of behavioral communication for humanoid robots that in teract with humans is discussed in this paper For behavioral communication it is fundamental for a humanoid robot to recognize the meaning of the whole body mo tion of a human According to the previous works it can be done in the symbolic level by adopting the proto symbol space de ned by the Hidden Markov Models based on the mi...

Multiple compressed tablets are compressed tablets made by more than one compression cycle. They are usually prepared to separate physically or chemically incompatible ingredients or to produce repeat or prolong action of drug. Compression coating perform similar functions as sugar or film coating except consists of dry coating concept hence prevents certain drawbacks of aqueous and non aqueous...

In the following study starch was isolated from the dried pulp of unripe pappaya fruit (Carica pappaya). The isolated starch was used as a binder in different concentrations in diclofenac sodium tablets. The tablets were formed by wet granulation method by using 2% w/v, 4% w/v, 6% w/v, 8% w/v and 10% w/v pappaya starch as binding agent. Formulated diclofenac sodium tablets were further evaluate...

INTRODUCTION Misoprostol (Cytotec) is recognised to be effective for many gynaecological indications including termination of pregnancy, management of miscarriage and postpartum haemorrhage. Although not licensed for such indications, it has been used for these purposes by millions of women throughout the world. Misoprostol tablets are most often packaged as multiple tablets within an aluminium...

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are one of the most unique and fascinating ecosystems on Earth. Although phylogenetic diversity of vent communities has been extensively examined, their physiological diversity is poorly understood. In this study, a GeoChip-based, high-throughput metagenomics technology revealed dramatic differences in microbial metabolic functions in a newly grown protochimney (inne...