A highly efficient Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of arylglycines from readily available starting materials is described. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and provides a general route to various N-protected arylglycines.

The fabrication of carbon-shell protected cobalt nanoparticles and hollow graphitic shells has been achieved via a pyrolysis process by using monodispersed cobalt nanoparticles as a template. These materials are mesoporous and highly stable under strong acidic and basic conditions.

The synthesis of a range of novel silyl-protected dioxaborinanes as a column- and bench-stable boron reagent were found to be advantageous to achieving good yields in palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions under standard conditions.

The organocatalytic ring-opening of N-tosyl protected aziridines by beta-ketoesters under chiral PTC-conditions, leading to the formation of optically active aminoethyl functionalised compounds with up to 99% ee, has been developed.

investigating species diversity and richness is essential for defining conservation priorities. in addition, determining landscape parameters influencing species diversity and richness is important for selecting and designing parks and protected areas. kohgiluyeh & boyer ahmad province is a mountainous region, comprises hills, mounds, forests and plains. this vast province has high species dive...

The exponential sensitivity of cluster number counts to the properties of the dark energy implies a comparable sensitivity to not only the mean but also the actual distribution of an observable mass proxy given the true cluster mass. For example a 25% scatter in mass can provide a ∼ 50% change in the number counts at z ∼ 2 for the upcoming SPT survey. Uncertainty in the scatter of this amount w...

We have obtained empirical relations between the p-mode frequency shift and the change in solar activity indices. The empirical relations are determined on the basis of frequencies obtained from BBSO and GONG stations during solar cycle 22. These relations are applied to estimate the change in mean frequency for the cycle 21 and 23. A remarkable agreement between the calculated and observed fre...

ω0 is the frequency of p-mode in the reference model, ω is the observed frequency for the same mode and w = ω/(l + 1/2). The function H1(w) which is related to the sound speed difference between the model and the Sun, provides another measure of the sound speed difference. Similarly, H2(ω) which reflects the differences in the surface layers is better suited to test different formulations of so...

Post-evaluation for agricultural project (PEAP) is an important indispensable aspect of agricultural project cycle management. Based on the comparison of the virtual situation and in advanced anticipation of the investigation, PEAP can be used to determine the variation and find the improving method through analyzing the reason, feedbacking the information, and summarizing the lessons, so as to...