in his editorial, nir eyal argues that a nudge can exploit our propensity to feel shame in order to steer us toward certain choices. we object that shame is a cost and therefore cannot figure in the apparatus of a nudge.

We would like to acknowledge our indebtedness to Roche Products Limited for financial assistance and to Dr. John Garrod for his interest and helpful advice. We are grateful to Dr. Denis Harriman for the necropsy findings in Case 9 and to Dr. Kenneth Exley for help with the manuscript. We should also like to thank Mrs. Grace Murray for help in preparing the illustrations and Miss Hilary Stevens ...

The author attempts to formalize the role of push and pull factors in rural-urban migration and urban unemployment in Pakistan. Based on the Harris-Todaro framework, a model is developed that also includes perpetual indebtedness of the peasantry and a monopolistic moneylender. The analysis indicates that measures to control such migration could fail because the moneylender siphons off part of...

1 The author wishes to express his indebtedness to the Carnegie Corporation of New York for a research grant in support of our development of multiple factor analysis and its application to the study of primary mental abilities. 2 L. L. Thurstone, "Theory of Multiple Factors," 1932, pp. 17-27, Edward Brothers, Ann Arbor, Mich. 8 Harold Hotelling, "Analysis of a complex of statistical variables ...

The work described in this paper was carried out as part of the joint research programme of the Division of Food Preservation, C.S.I.R.O., and of the Botany School, University of Sydney. The authors wish to express their indebtedness to Miss S. K. Harris and Miss N. J. Eames for technical assistance; and to Dr J. R. Vickery, Chief, Division of Food Preservation, and Professor R. L. Crocker, Bot...