Objective To review the role of CGRP in human models of primary headaches and to discuss methodological aspects and future directions. Discussion Provocation experiments demonstrated a heterogeneous CGRP migraine response in migraine patients. Conflicting CGRP plasma results in the provocation experiments are likely due to assay variation; therefore, proper validation and standardization of an ...

Neuromodulation is a promising, novel approach for the treatment of primary headache disorders. Neuromodulation offers a new dimension in the treatment that is both easily reversible and tends to be very well tolerated. The autonomic nervous system is a logical target given the neurobiology of common primary headache disorders, such as migraine and the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs). ...

BACKGROUND Existing criteria for the diagnosis of headache do not indicate which clinical features are most important to establish or exclude primary headache diagnoses. OBJECTIVE To determine the value of history taking in the evaluation of patients with primary headache syndromes. METHODS A MEDLINE search of English-language studies published since 1966 and a hand search of bibliographies...

BACKGROUND Medication overuse headache (MOH) is the third most prevalent headache type after migraine and tension-type headache. A large number of studies on the long-term prognosis have shown that MOH has a high relapse rate after treatment. Although MOH relapse-related risk factors have been reported, no related research has been performed in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses the role of musculoskeletal structures of the jaw and neck in perpetuating or triggering primary headache. Because treatments aimed at these structures often reduce headache, a better understanding of their role in headache is needed. RECENT FINDINGS Central sensitization may result in changes in the afferent pathways, making communication from cervical...

Headache is one of the more common reasons for adults to visit an emergency department. Most of these visits are for primary headache disorders, most commonly migraine headache. The authors discuss management options for patients presenting to the emergency department with prolonged, severe, or refractory migraine headaches. Particular attention is given to parenteral treatments and protocols t...

Headache represents one of the most common reasons why children and adolescents are referred to pediatric neurology practices where the most common headache syndromes diagnosed are migraine and its variants, and chronic daily headache. The bulk of recent literature regarding headache in children has focused on these two clinical entities even though large epidemiologic studies have demonstrated...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence, characteristics and impact of headache among university students. METHOD The criteria established by the International Headache Society were used to define the primary headache subtypes and the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire (MIDAS), to assess the disability. The students were then grouped into six categories: [1] migraine; [2] probable mig...

Migraine and tension type headache are the most common disabling primary headache disorders. Epidemiological studies have documented their high prevalence and high socioeconomic and personal impacts. According to recent data, migraine ranks as the third most prevalent disorder and seventh-highest specific cause of disability worldwide. Tension-type headache has lifetime prevalence in the genera...

The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and usefulness of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition, beta version (ICHD-3β), and compare the differences with the International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition (ICHD-2). Consecutive first-visit patients were recruited from 11 headache clinics in Korea. Headache classification was perfo...