This paper integrates pricing and replenishment decisions for the following prototypical two-echelon distribution system with deterministic demands. A supplier distributes a single product to multiple retailers, who in turn sell it to consumers. The retailers serve geographically dispersed, heterogeneous markets. The demand in each retail market arrives continuously at a constant rate, which is...

With the evolution of Internet and introduction third-party platforms, a diversified supply chain has gradually emerged. In contrast to traditional single sales channel, companies can also increase their revenue by selling through multiple channels, such as dual-channel sales: adding channel for direct online platforms. However, due complexity structure, previous studies have rarely discussed a...

In this research, we examine the impact of a negative demand disruption on trade promotions strategy, where suppliers offer discounted prices to online supply chain retailers. To analyze various factors that affect promotion strategies, develop Stackelberg game model determine optimal pricing for both manufacturers and retailers, as well order quantity Our findings indicate through an appropria...

Retailers advertise on different sales channels. When consumers buy online, the effectiveness of advertising is discounted because they cannot feel product. Observing this phenomenon, paper studies strategy a dual-channel retailer. In paper, we build stylized game models for retailer’s price and levels online offline channels, respectively. Our contribution to provide prescriptions how retailer...

Considering a dual channel closed-loop supply chain composed of manufacturer and retailer, the retailer establishes online direct channels, four Stackelberg game models are constructed to study impact carbon tax different fairness concerns members on optimal strategies, such as emission reduction level, recycling pricing decisions etc. The results show that does not affect decision manufacturer...

This study investigates optimal decisions in a low-carbon supply chain consisting of manufacturer and leading retailer considering the green investment fairness preferences member firms. Four Stackelberg game decision models are constructed, which engage separately when has does not have preferences. The impacts on comparatively analysed. results show that firms regardless presence or absence t...

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Considering the quality of recycled products, we develop a game model multi-level competitive recycling and remanufacturing supply chain with two manufacturers multiple recyclers. Being focus on mainstream models, namely manufacturer-recycler cooperation manufacturer-led Stackelberg model, explore connection between optimal pricing decisions performance levels...

Under the background of low-carbon economy, cross-shareholding is introduced into closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) composed a manufacturer and retailer, centralized three decentralized decision-making models with different channel power structures are constructed. The recovery, emission reduction, pricing decisions CLSC studied, two-part-tariff contract proposed to coordinate CLSC. results indic...

Consumers’ strategic purchasing behavior has a great influence on the pricing and sales of new products. In order to study impact consumers 5G mobile phones, we establish two-period model. The supply chain contains two manufacturers, communications operator phone retailer. Cases where manufacturers have same or different rights are researched by using Stackelberg game Nash Our research results ...