New emerging viruses like coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infections are always frightening. We know little about theirtransmission, behaviors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes. There is no vaccine or therapeutic strategies to dealwith these infections yet. In this situation, preventive measures may be promising. Hand hygiene is a very importantissue in preventing viral infec...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination is an important preventive intervention for HIV-infected population. Data regarding booster HBV vaccine for persons with low HBV surface antibody (sAb) titers after vaccination in this immunocompromised population is lacking. METHODS We randomized 60 HIV-infected subjects lacking HBV protection after completion of 3 doses of HBV vaccine to receive a bo...

Brucellosis caused by species of Brucella is among the most prevalent zoonoses with the annual incidence of half a million cases globally. Most parts of Iran are endemic for brucellosis, and the annual incidence of the human and animal brucellosis is still high. At present, there is no safe and protective human vaccine against brucellosis, and the only preventive strategy is animal vaccination,...

BACKGROUND To better target future immunization efforts, we assessed trends and disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation among female adolescents in North Carolina over 3 years. METHODS We analyzed data from a stratified random sample of 1,427 parents who, between 2008 and 2010, completed two linked telephone surveys: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether acetaminophen impairs the immune response to influenza vaccine. Influenza vaccine is an under-utilized preventive measure, partly because of the unfounded perception that fever and myalgias frequently follow vaccination. While acetaminophen may decrease these infrequent side effects, it may also alter the immune response to vaccination. We comp...

A Vaccine hesitancy reflects concerns about the decision to vaccinate oneself or one’s children. There is a broad range of factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, including the compulsory nature of vaccines, their coincidental temporal relationships to adverse health outcomes, unfamiliarity with vaccine-preventable diseases, and lack of trust in corporations and public health agencies. Altho...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can cause life-threatening pneumonia and bronchiolitis, posing a significant threat to human health worldwide, especially children the elderly. Currently, there is no specific treatment for RSV infection. The most effective measures preventing are vaccines prophylactic medications. However, not all population groups eligible approved or antibody-based...

Introduction: Hepatitis B surveillance is crucial. We proposed to describe the seroprevalence of infection and associated factors among Ecuadorian Amazonia communities. Outline: A serologic cross-sectional study was carried out in subjects over two years old. classified seropositivity according Centers Diseases Control criteria recorded sex, age, temporary migration, sometime their life, previo...

BACKGROUND Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death in Nigerian children under 5 years. Implementing the most cost-effective approach to diarrhoea management in Nigeria will help optimize health care resources allocation. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of various approaches to diarrhoea management namely: the 'no treatment' approach (NT); the preventive approach with rotavirus vaccine...

OBJECTIVES Acceptance of childhood vaccination varies between societies, affecting worldwide vaccination coverage. Low coverage rates are common in indigenous populations where parents often choose not to vaccinate their children. We aimed to gain insight into reasons for vaccine acceptance or rejection among Warao Amerindians in Venezuela. METHODS Based on records of vaccine acceptance or re...