Priming effects of cooperation vs. individualism were investigated on changeover speed within a 4 x 100-m relay race. Ten teams of four adult beginner athletes ran two relays, a pretest race and an experimental race 3 weeks later. Just before the experimental race, athletes were primed with either cooperation or individualism through a scrambled-sentence task. Comparing to the pretest performan...

This article considers the use of pretest probability in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and how its use in EGFR testing has helped establish clinical guidelines on selecting patients for EGFR testing. With an ever-increasing number of molecular abnormalities being identified and often limited tissue available for testing, the use of pretest probability will need to be increasingly considere...

Drum-Assisted Recovery Therapy for Native Americans (DARTNA) is a substance abuse treatment intervention for American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). This article provides results from 1) an initial pretest of DARTNA provided to 10 AI/AN patients with histories of substance use disorders, and 2) three subsequent focus groups conducted among AI/AN DARTNA pretest participants, substance abuse tr...

Learning progressions (LPs) are a recent educational theory pertaining to student modeling. LPs argue that students with equal test scores may nonetheless have different conceptualizations of the material, with varying degrees of maturity. However, there is little empirical validation for LPs. To this end, we mapped two physics LPs (one predefined, one described in the paper) onto the answer ch...

Although osteoporosis is a preventable disease affecting millions of people, public awareness remains low. This study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design to explore osteoporosis knowledge among adolescent female students in Jordan. A questionnaire was administered to 148 students recruited from a secondary school in the city of Irbid before and after a series of health education s...

We investigated working memory updating performance in younger and older adults before, during, and after 100-day practice. Performance to presentation time (PT) relation was fitted to a negatively accelerated logistic function. Relative to younger adults, older adults showed lower asymptotes at pretest and posttest, and shallower slopes at pretest. Older adults practicing the task with fast PT...

We examined the benefits of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) as a supplement to a phonics-based reading curriculum for kindergartners in an urban public school system. The CAI program provides systematic exercises in phonological awareness and letter–sound correspondences. Comparisons were made between children in classes receiving a sufficient amount of CAI support and children in matched c...

We propose an emergency department (ED) pulmonary embolism rule-out protocol based on pretest probability assessment coupled with either a negative D -dimer assay result or a negative D -dimer assay result plus a normal alveolar dead-space measurement. We examine the safety, efficiency, and feasibility of such a protocol, paying special attention to implicit and explicit strategies of pretest p...

We investigated the relationship between three potential markers for reading difficulties (phonemic awareness, verbal short-term memory, and rapid automatized naming) and students’ responsiveness to Reading Recovery instruction. At pretest, students’ most prevalent weakness was on phonemic awareness, but more than half were below average on rapid automatized naming. Students who entered Reading...

Cognitive Tutors are primarily developed as instructional systems, with the goal of helping students learn. However, the systems are inherently also data collection and assessment systems. In this paper, we analyze data from over 3,000 students in a school district using Carnegie Learning’s Middle School Mathematics tutors and model performance on standardized tests. Combining a standardized pr...