In this study it has been tried, to compare results and convergence rate of sensitivity analysis and conjugate gradient algorithms to reduce fuel consumption and increasing engine performance by optimizing the timing of opening and closing valves in XU7/L3 engine. In this study, considering the strength and accuracy of simulation GT-POWER software in researches on the internal combustion engine...

Tricuspid valve orifice and tricuspid valve anulus areas were measured simultaneously in the anesthetized dog with a newly developed area-measuring system based on electromagnetic induction. This system permitted real-time monitoring of the area enclosed by the edges of valve leaflets and by the juncture of the valve leaflet and the cardiac wall in situ, without artificial constraint to the val...

In order to develop more efficient engines, it is essential to optimize the lubrication circuit of the power train systems. In this paper, during an engine design and development process, a network analysis of the engine lubrication system is described in detail. Two elements have been added to the lubrication circuit in the modified engine. These elements are hydraulic lifters and an Anti-drai...

BACKGROUND Conventional Cardiopulmonary Bypass (cCPB) is a trigger of systemic inflammatory reactions, hemodilution, coagulopathy, and organ failure. Miniaturised Cardiopulmonary Bypass (mCPB) has the potential to reduce these deleterious effects. Here, we describe our standardised 'Hammersmith' mCPB technique, used in all types of adult cardiac operations including major aortic surgery. METH...

Regional lung perfusion was measured in the sitting position by 4 external detectors after intravenous injection of 133Xe in 24 patients with mitral valve disease and in 8 people with no cardiopulmonary disease acting as normal controls. Right- and left-sided heart catheterization was carried out on the patients on the following day. Mitral valve stenosis was found in 9, mitral valve regurgitat...

BACKGROUND To investigate the surgical results of Ahmed valve implantation with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA) in patients with aphakic or pseudophakic glaucoma. METHODS Fifty-nine patients who underwent Ahmed valve implantation were consecutively recruited from November 2005 to August 2011 at the Beijing Tongren Hospital. In the IVTA group (29 eyes), 4 mg of TA was inj...

OBJECTIVES In aortic valve repair, reduction and stabilization of the ventriculo-aortic junction (VAJ) is generally recommended. In this in vitro study, we compare three techniques of annuloplasty: the subcommissural annuloplasty (SCA), the internal ring (IR) and the external ring (ER) annuloplasty. METHODS Ten fresh porcine aortic valve preparations were tested in a pulsatile mock loop. Each...

PURPOSE The Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implant is designed to prevent early postoperative hypotony. There is evidence of variation in hypotony rates in clinical trials which may be due to surgical technique variation, entry site leakage or valve defects from 'over priming'. We describe a simple preimplantation gravity driven test to assess valve function after priming that may reduce hypotony r...

In this paper we evaluate the actuator rate requirements for control of rotating stall using a bleed valve and provide tools for predicting these requirements. Modiication of both the stable and unstable parts of the compressor characteristic via addition of continuous air injection serves to reduce the requirement of a bleed valve used for the purpose of rotating stall stabilization. Analytica...