Several automated border detection approaches for three-dimensional echocardiography have been developed in recent years, allowing quantification of a range of clinically important parameters. In this review, the background and principles of these approaches and the different classes of methods are described from a practical perspective, as well as the research trends to achieve a robust method.

In 1976, Hughes and Thompson introduced the idea of steering the maximum response of a linear array by amplitude weighting the output signals of the elements, thus eliminating the need for time delays or phase-shift networks. Currently that amplitude-steered array concept is being extended to a broadband two-dimensional array that can be used for real-time three-dimensional imaging. In shifting...

Conservation laws of third order quasi-linear scalar evolution equations are studied via exterior differential system and characteristic cohomology. We find a subspace of 2-forms in the infinite prolongation space in which every conservation law has a unique representative. Analysis of the structure of this subspace based upon the symbol of the differential equation leads to a universal integra...

The natural relations for sets are those deenable in terms of the emptiness of the subsets corresponding to Boolean combinations of the sets. For pairs of sets, there are just ve natural relations of interest, namely, strict inclusion in each direction, disjointness, intersection with the universe being covered, or not. Let N denote f1; 2; : : :; ng and ? N 2 denote f(i; j) j i; j 2 N and i < j...

Industrialization has agreat impact on our lives. Philosophers have been warning us about the danger of industrialization .We realize the price paid for progress only when a nightmarish incident like Bhopal Gas Tragedy involving loss of numerous lives and many after effects occurs .In the present paper we will discuss the incident ,its impact on the health of the victims even today when two and...

Full-field transmission X-ray microscopy is a unique non-destructive technique for three-dimensional imaging of specimens at the nanometer scale. Here, the use of zone-doubled Fresnel zone plates to achieve a spatial resolution better than 20 nm in the hard X-ray regime (8-10 keV) is reported. By obtaining a tomographic reconstruction of a Ni/YSZ solid-oxide fuel cell, the feasibility of perfor...