sexually transmitted diseases (std) are a significant problem in canada and have many personal and financial effects on the society. stds are very prevalent in adults and adolescents who are very sexually active. women are more affected by these diseases and after many years, appear in the shape of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and cervical cancer. majority of women never know about her infec...

BACKGROUND HIV vaccine trials generally require that pregnant women are excluded from participation, and contraceptive methods must be used to prevent pregnancy during the trial. However, access to quality services and misconceptions associated with contraceptive methods may impact on their effective use in developing countries. We describe the pattern of contraceptive use in a multi-site phase...

We believe the prevention of infection-related adverse pregnancy outcome is the most important focus for obstetricians today. An emphasis upon immunization of susceptible women, prevention of transmissible disease by modification of patient behavior, and identification and treatment of silent infections should become standards of practice. This will require educational initiatives for physician...

1359-6349/$ see front matter Copyright 2013 ECCO the European CanCer Organisation. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2013.07.003 * Corresponding author. Address: Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Di Belgium (T.S. Nawrot). Tel.: +32 11 268382; fax: +32 11 268299. E-mail address: tim.nawrot@uhasselt.be (T.S. Nawrot). Tim S. Naw...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to use national statistics on abortions carried out in England and Wales to more precisely estimate the proportion of young women aged <20 years obtaining an abortion who have had one or more previous pregnancies. METHODS Secondary analysis of abortion data from the Office of National Statistic and the Department of Health by parity for women aged <20 yea...

Adequate intake of folic acid by women during very early pregnancy can markedly reduce risk of the development of neural-tube defects (NTD). The effectiveness of advice to women to take folic acid supplements is limited, mainly because 50% of pregnancies are unplanned. However, mandatory folic acid food fortification programmes in North America have been very successful in reducing NTD rates. I...

This article begins with an overview of teenage pregnancy within a social context. Data are then presented on conceptions and repeat conceptions in teenagers. Social predictors of repeat teenage pregnancy are grouped according to social ecological theory. A brief summary of prevention of teenage pregnancy in general is followed by a detailed analysis of studies of interventions designed to prev...

Data from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) indicate that in 2003, 34–46 million people were living with HIV infection, and three fourths of these cases were in sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately 2.1–2.9 million children were living with HIV/AIDS. HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa is predominately heterosexual, and by the end of 2002, women represented 58% of HIV cases...