An enhanced heuristic for the GOSST (Grade of Services Steiner Minimum Tree) problem is proposed in this paper. GOSST problem is to look for a network topology satisfying the G-condition with minimum construction cost of the network. In previous research, we proposed a heuristic for the problem, which employed two Steiner point locating strategies with Naïve MST (Minimum Spanning Tree) building...

Dopamine can induce fascinating, complex human behavioral states, including disinhibition, euphoria, or elaborate stereotypies, whereas dopamine deficiency can cause anxiety or sadness. Limited data suggest that these phenomena may involve dysfunction of orbital frontal cortex, cingulate cortex, or ventral striatum. The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) has an anatomic distribution that suggests it co...

Cardiovascular diseases are a major public health challenge in India with the emergence of disease burden of non-communicable diseases equivalent to that of communicable diseases. Long-term diseases entail large out-of-pocket expenditure too. There is also a dearth of studies regarding recent estimates of expenditures on treatment of people suffering from chronic conditions. The present paper f...

OBJECTIVE To find the clinical and socio-demographic determinants for Hong Kong Chinese women who preferred elective caesarean section. DESIGN Cross-sectional interview survey. SETTING University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS A cohort of consecutive Hong Kong Chinese pregnant women (n=660) attending a government-funded obstetric unit catering deliveries in the New Territories...

Abū Isḥāq Tha‘labī Nayshābūrī is an outstanding Iranian exegete of the fourth and fifth centuries LH. Tha‘labī has been so skillful in various Islamic sciences such as Arabic linguistics (including morphology, syntax (grammatical inflection), vocabulary, and rhetoric), Ḥadīth, exegesis, and qur’ānic sciences that numerous students from many near and far places attended his classes. Tha‘labī’s c...

A growing number of students are casting aside the traditional view of work as a means of earning money, preferring to identify themselves more closely with a Particular community, where they can create their own life-style.

In recent years, ample research has shown that preschoolers choose selectively who to learn from, preferring, for example, to learn novel words from a previously accurate over a previously inaccurate model. But this research has not yet resolved what cognitive foundations such selectivity builds upon. The present article reports 2 studies that investigate whether preschoolers' selective trust i...

A considerable amount of research over the last decades has focused on the apparent specialization of V2 thin stripes for the processing of color in diurnal primates. However, because V2 thin stripes are functionally heterogeneous in that they consist of largely separate color- and luminance-preferring domains and because the color-preferring domains contain a systematic representation of hue, ...

Neuroimaging studies have identified brain regions that respond preferentially to specific stimulus categories, including 3 areas that activate maximally during viewing of real-world scenes: The parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial complex (RSC), and transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). Although these findings suggest the existence of regions specialized for scene processing, this inte...