Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)' is phenotypically heterogenous and may therefore not be explained by one simple pathophysiological mechanism. Despite the heterogenous nature of the disease, the major form as discussed in this review is linked to overweight, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and macroangiopathy (coronary heart disease), all conditions which become more common...

With better control of infective and metabolic complications, diabetes has emerged as a cardiovascular disease. The ATP III recognizes it as a CHD equivalent and the American Diabetes Association has categorized it as a cardiovascular disease. Unlike microvascular disease, which gets clicked with onset of diabetes, macrovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD) predates the d...

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose has been used for more than 20 years in the management of hyperglycemia. Owing to its unique mode of action in the gastrointestinal tract, its properties are very different from other antidiabetic medications. Patients on long-term treatment to control a chronic disease are not only interested in good treatment efficacy, but are also even more interested...

Blood cells from subjects with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus have been successfully studied in the past to gain insight into pathological alterations of several signal transduction pathways. Diabetes mellitus is also considered to be a disease of abnormal cellular Ca2+ metabolism, as metabolic derangements of Ca2+ transport have been noticed both in the prediabetic state and as a conseq...

BACKGROUND Periodontitis was shown to have an impact on glucose levels in prediabetic and diabetic rats. The Zucker fatty rat (ZFR) is a well-characterized model of prediabetes presenting with impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and moderate hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether periodontitis influences kidney changes in ZFRs. METHODS Ma...

BACKGROUND Although multivitamin products are widely used as dietary supplements to maintain health or as special medical food in certain diseases, the effects of these products were not investigated in diabetes mellitus, a major cardiovascular risk factor. Therefore, here we investigated if a preparation of different minerals, vitamins, and trace elements (MVT) for human use affects the severi...

OBJECTIVE To examine whether a pistachio-rich diet reduces the prediabetes stage and improves its metabolic risk profile. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prediabetic subjects were recruited to participate in this Spanish randomized clinical trial between 20 September 2011 and 4 February 2013. In a crossover manner, 54 subjects consumed two diets, each for 4 months: a pistachio-supplemented diet (...