We measured airborne exposures to the biological insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) during an aerial spray program to eradicate gypsy moths on the west coast of Canada. We aimed to determine whether staying indoors during spraying reduced exposures, to determine the rate of temporal decay of airborne concentrations, and to determine whether drift occurred outside the spray z...

Indoor residual spraying with DDT was the principle method by which malaria transmission was eradicated or greatly reduced in many countries between the late 1940s and 1970s. Since then, decreasing use of DDT has been associated with a resurgence of malaria in India, Sri Lanka, former Soviet Central Asia, Zanzibar, Venezuela and several other Latin American countries. In India and Zanzibar, DDT...

The transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture are required to address its shortcomings deficiencies, which have resulted in environmental pollution or water problems. Precision emerged at the historic moment solve current Field information collection, management decision-making, execution systems three key links precision fertilization irrigation. technical principle application f...

Current EPA emission factors (AP42) for styrene emissions from the production of polyester-resin-reinforced plastic products represent a composite of spraying and post-spraying emissions (from curing molds) from shower stall/bathtub manufacturing plants that use compressed-air-powered spray guns to apply catalyzed styrene resins to prepared molds. Because each step of manufacture (gel coating, ...

Some day it may be said that the air age in insect control arrived with the discovery of the unusual values of DDT during the Second World War. In the two preceding decades, the application of insecticides by airplane had been tried against various pests, but the method was not used extensively except over cotton fields. Its advantages were recognized—large acreages could be covered quickly wit...

Editor – The paper by Curtis & Mnzava (1) dealing with the comparison of residual house spraying and insecticide-treated nets for malaria control is timely, since important strategic choices have to be made in the Roll Back Malaria partnership. Experience in comparing these two key vector control interventions has recently become available and such a review is therefore welcome. The comparisons...

Intermittently connected mobile networks are wireless networks where most of the time there does not exist a complete path from a source to a destination. Researchers have proposed flooding based schemes for routing in such networks. While flooding based schemes are robust and have a high probability of delivery, they suffer from a huge overhead in terms of bandwidth, buffer space and energy di...

Pyrethroid pesticides were applied via ground spraying to residential neighborhoods in New York City during July-September 2000 to control mosquito vectors of West Nile virus (WNV). Case reports link pyrethroid exposure to asthma exacerbations, but population-level effects on asthma from large-scale mosquito control programs have not been assessed. We conducted this analysis to determine whethe...

A set of discrete formulae that calculates the hypothetical impact of aerial spraying on a tsetse population is derived and the work is thought to be novel. Both the original population and the subsequent generations which survive the aerial spraying, may ultimately be thought of as deriving from two, distinct sources. These origins are, however, neither distinct, nor relevant by the third gene...

Drones are now a days emerging as component of precision agriculture along with contributing to sustainable agriculture. The use advanced technologies such drone in offer potential for facing several major or minor challenges. applications spraying, irrigation, crop monitoring, soil and field analysis bird control. objective this paper is review the latest trends leading related agricultural UA...