1.Introduction Use of proxy satellite observations for improving the model states of divergence, humidity and temperature has gained considerable impetus in the past one decade. Various researchers (Donner, 1998,Heckley et al, 1990, Krishnamurti, 1990) have used the satellite derived rainfall and moisture fields ameliorating the spin up problem in the tropics. Physical initialization methods (P...

[1] Vegetation optical depth (VOD) retrievals from three satellite‐based passive microwave instruments were merged to produce the first long‐term global microwave‐based vegetation product. The resulting VOD product spans more than two decades and shows seasonal cycles and inter‐ annual variations that generally correspond with those observed in the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHR...

Soil moisture is an important yet unobserved reservoir of the hydrologic cycle linked to the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation [1]. The brightness temperature of the land surface at microwave wavelengths is sensitive to soil moisture. Terrestrial brightness temperature also depends on the temperature of the soil and vegetation canopy as well as other canopy and soil properties [...

1. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Passive and active microwave remote sensing of cold-cloud precipitation requires accurate knowledge of not only the physical state of the scene being observed, but also the relationship between that physical state and the radiation being observed. However, for ice-phase precipitation and cloud particles, this relationship remains poorly understood due primarily to a lac...

This paper describes the theoretical basis and conceptual design of a dual-frequency radar and microwave link (radar/link) system capable of measuring simultaneously forward and backscatter from rainfall. The forward and backscattering radar/link system will enable small-scale rain studies essential in understanding the rainfall process, and make significant contributions to the investigation o...

In this study, nine-years (1998-2006) of monthly precipitation data from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) are used to examine the relations between tropical rainfall and surface temperature. A technique is developed to adjust the PR monthly rainfall data in the Tropics (whole ocean and whole land) to account for the effect of the TRMM orbit boost from 350 km to 402 km in August 2001. ...

Four different ceria supported catalyst were prepared by impregnation method with Pt(NO3)2 solution. The two supports are commercially available (MaTeck) and the other two were prepared by precipitation and microwave assisted hydrothermal method (MAH) respectively. The phase composition and average crystallite size of the catalysts were characterised with XRD technique. Finally the catalytic ac...

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Dual-Frequency Radar (DPR) (Ku- and Ka-band, or 14 35 GHz) provides the capability to resolve precipitation structure under moderate heavy conditions. In this manuscript, use of near-coincident observations between GPM CloudSat Profiling (CPR) (W-band, 94 are demonstrated extend representing light rain cold-season from DPR passive microwave constellati...

How much precipitation is contributed by warm rain systems over the tropics? What is the typical size, intensity, and echo top of warm rain events observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar over different regions of the tropics? What proportion of warm raining areas is actually attached to the edges of cold systems? Are there mesoscale warm raining systems, a...