We present the first global precipitation predictability estimates corresponding to recently discovered flavors of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that are encoded in hidden states Tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures identified using a non-homogeneous Markov model. For each calendar month and for state, we assess future through conditional standardized anomaly average standard deviati...

The relationships between the natural variability and CO2-induced response over the Pacific region are investigated in terms of the spatial anomaly pattern of SST, sea level pressure and precipitation by a multi-model intercomparison analysis, based on the 18-model results contributing to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. The analysis indicates that the CO2-induced response pattern is related ...

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known as the Asian water tower that supplies fresh for millions of people in Asia. vortices (TPVs) are one major precipitation-producing weather systems over TP. characteristics TPV-associated precipitation from 1979 to 2017 quantitatively analysed based on three daily datasets. influence TPVs more significant warm season (May–September) because and TPV activities bo...

The El Ni~ no–La Ni~ na asymmetry is evaluated in 14 coupled models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The results show that an underestimate of ENSO asymmetry, a common problem noted in CMIP3 models, remains a common problem in CMIP5 coupled models. The weaker ENSO asymmetry in the models primarily results from a weaker SST warm anomaly over the eastern Pacific ...