Combined heat and power systems are becoming more and more important, regarding their enhanced efficiency, energy saving, and environmental aspects. In the peresent study, three configurations of combined heat and power systems are intended as an alternative to separate production plant by considering environmental aspects. First and second laws of thermodynamics are adapted to the operatin...

We modified an irreducibly simple model of passive dynamic walking to walk on level ground, and used it to study the energetics of walking and the preferred relationship between speed and step length in humans. Powered walking was explored using an impulse applied at toe-off immediately before heel strike, and a torque applied on the stance leg. Although both methods can supply energy through m...

in this paper, optimal design of hybrid solar-wind- diesel energy system with battery storage for reliable load in arsoon village in ardabil is presented. the village has 35 households that mean daily energy consumption is estimated 63.4 kwh. in this design optimization is implemented, considering loss of power supply probability (lpsp) index for reliable load providing, with minimum total cons...

In this paper, Direct Search Algorithm is implemented to determine the optimal sizes of Type – I Distributed Generators (DGs) and optimal locations such that maximum possible reduction in real power loss is obtained. Type – I DG injects both active and reactive powers. The algorithm searches for all possible locations in the system for a particular size of DG and places it at the bus which give...

In this paper, a novel decentralized algorithm is proposed to minimize power flow loss in a large-scale future grid connecting with many real-time distributed generation systems by which power flows bi-directionally. The DC-power loss at each link is defined as the product of resistance and the square of current that can be considered as a quadratic flow cost. We employ the notion of tie-sets t...

In order to research how to availably reduce the active power loss value in power grid system when the power system is operating, it offers a quantitative research in theory through conceiving the unbalanced losses of power grid system under the overloading bus as the investigative object, and establishing an active power loss mathematical model. It carries out online real-time optimal flow cal...

In this paper, a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and micro gas turbine (MGT) power system is parametrically studied to evaluate the effect of different operating conditions. The SOFC/MGT power system includes SOFC reactor, combustion chamber, compressor and turbine units, and two heat exchangers. The effects of fuel utilization, temperature, and pressure are assessed on performance of t...

Reactive power plays an important role in supporting real power transmission, maintaining system voltages within proper limits and overall system reliability. In this paper, the production cost of reactive power, cost of the system transmission loss, investment cost of capacitor banks and absolute value of total voltage deviation (TVD) are included into the objective function of the power flow ...