CONTEXT It is important to examine whether youth from disadvantaged households are less likely than others to use a condom at first sex, even after correcting for shared characteristics within communities. METHODS Baseline survey data from the Transitions to Adulthood in the Context of AIDS in South Africa study in KwaZulu-Natal were used. Random effects logistic regression assessed the relat...

This Report is a product of the staff of IFAD and the judgements made herein do not necessarily reflect the views of its Member Countries or the representatives of those Member Countries appointed to its Executive Board. IFAD does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. Designations employed i...

environment conservation is the common concern at all levels from local to global. most of the recent environment problems and ill effects stem from ecological misappropriation and neglect to recognize the limits of ecosystem, its. rapid population growth, low income, lowest health facilities, poor sanitation, lack of education. personal and community hygiene poverty has enhanced the incidence ...

Recent research has shown how quantifiable aspects of community context affect a wide range of behaviors and outcomes. Due partially to the historical development of this field, currently published work focuses on urban rather than rural areas. We draw upon data from a longitudinal study of families and health in Appalachia—the Great Smoky Mountains Study (GSMS), and an ethnographically based i...

Almost half of young children in the United States live in poverty or near poverty. The American Academy of Pediatrics is committed to reducing and ultimately eliminating child poverty in the United States. Poverty and related social determinants of health can lead to adverse health outcomes in childhood and across the life course, negatively affecting physical health, socioemotional developmen...

in this paper, we ask “can proximity to towns reduces poverty in rural areas?” for this study we have mapped all the villages in orissa. the study is based on small area poverty estimation methodology as well as the secondary data covering 47,395 villages and 109 towns. our main findings are (i) there is a relationship between the distance to nearest town and rural poverty and (ii) poverty leve...

This research analyzed the relationship between extreme heat and Emergency Medical Service (EMS) calls in King County, WA, USA between 2007 and 2012, including the effect of community-level characteristics. Extreme heat thresholds for the Basic Life Support (BLS) data and the Advanced Life Support (ALS) data were found using a piecewise generalized linear model with Akaike Information Criterion...