Heat stress in laying hens is prompted by combinations of environmental temperature and humidity that prevent the bird’s thermoregulatory process from effectively dissipating the heat produced during metabolism [32]. High environmental temperature is the major problem faced by laying hens as well as poultry farmers usually in summer months. The ideal temperature for laying hens is about 20°C [2...

Introduction Since first isolated in 1986 in Europe (1) vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) have emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen. Since then, VRE have been reported at an increasing number in countries outside Europe and the USA, such as in Singapore (2), Japan (3), Australia (4), and Korea (5). VRE is also a concern in Malaysia, however cases of VRE in human hospitals are uncommon (...

A BSTR ACT. Colibacillosis is an important disease affecting the poultry industry in many countries, caused by the Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC): it manifests as various clinical signs. It contributes significantly to economic loss for poultry farmers as a result of high mortality and morbidity in poultry. To overcome this, antibiotics have been widely used to eliminate E. coli infection in p...

Innovations are being diffused to the farmers’ community through various communication media. However, which media is favorably utilized by poultry farmers not yet identified. The purpose of study was determine extent exposure in receiving information. Attempts were also made explore relationship between selected characteristics and their Data collected from randomly 60 three villages Jalma uni...