Post-translational modification of proteins plays a central role in cellular regulation but its study has been hampered by the exponential increase in substrate modification forms ("modforms") with increasing numbers of sites. We consider here biochemical networks arising from post-translational modification under mass-action kinetics, allowing for multiple substrates, having different types of...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an increasingly recognized and theoretically preventable condition. In fact PTSD is a mental disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event or threats, such as war and traffic crashes. Symptoms may include distressing thoughts and increased arousal. These signs last for more than one month after the event. People with PTSD are a...

the associations between exposure to traumatic events and psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd), depression, and anxiety have been established. it is important that clinicians notice to this phenomenon and avoid from inappropriate interpretations and additional laboratory tests. here, a case of 45-year-old man with essential thrombocytosis developed after multiple p...

post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is the one of the main disorders arising from disastrous experiences. road accidents are common reasons for mental disorders which are associated with trauma. with regard to the prevalence and effects of ptsd, treatment of these disorders is very important. the aim of the present study is to determine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing...

the most important characteristics of ptsd, as an anxiety disorder, are memory disorders and hippocampus is one of the essential structures which plays a critical role in ptsd memory disorders. traumatic events cause apoptosis and alter the expression of neurotrophic factors in hippocampus. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of β-estradiol on behavioral responses in ptsd and to st...

post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is an anxiety disorder that can typically occur after traumatic events in which the individual felt sever helplessness or horror. ptsd has a lifetime prevalence of 5–8% and women show higher prevalence than in compared with men. neuroinflammation is associated to anxiety and related disorders such as ptsd. it is an early, specialized immune reaction fallowi...