The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) heralded a revolution in RNA biology. Researchers uncovered 'hidden' layers of regulation of gene expression, in which many previously unidentified families of small RNAs (consisting of approximately 20-30 nucleotides) mediate gene silencing in transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In eukaryotes, these small RNAs, including siRNAs, miRNAs, piR...

Although mitochondrial gene rearrangement has been observed in many insect lineages, little is known about how it affects transcription. To address this question, we first constructed a quantitative transcription map for Aphidius gifuensis, species of parasitoid wasp to have highly rearranged genome (mitogenome) and two potential control regions (CRs). Based on map, assessed the models post-tra...

Eukaryotic cells integrate layers of gene regulation to coordinate complex cellular processes; however, mechanisms of post-transcriptional gene regulation remain poorly studied. The human fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) responds to environmental or host temperature by initiating unique transcriptional programs to specify multicellular (hyphae) or unicellular (yeast) developmental st...

The gene myogenin encodes a helix-loop-helix protein whose function is critical to the integrity of the mammalian myogenic cascade. In vitro, the expression of this gene immediately precedes terminal differentiation, as measured by the synthesis of those proteins that make up the contractile apparatus. However, during mammalian development, expression of myogenin and the appearance of sarcomere...

Abstract When stress factors trigger transcriptional and metabolic changes, RNA interference (RNAi) is associated with gene expression regulation at the post-transcriptional levels. RDR, DCL AGO proteins contribute to these silencing processes during reactions plant development. An entire revision of maize genes was carried out prior experiments. In this study, transcript changes a total 4 ZmRD...

To maintain daily cycles, the circadian clock must tightly regulate the rhythms of thousands of mRNAs and proteins with the correct period, phase, and amplitude to ultimately drive the wide range of rhythmic biological processes. Recent genomic approaches have revolutionized our view of circadian gene expression and highlighted the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in driving mRNA r...

In trypanosomatids, gene expression is regulated mainly by post-transcriptional mechanisms, which affect mRNA processing, translation and degradation. Currently, our understanding of factors that regulate either mRNA stability or translation is rather limited. We know that often, the regulators are proteins that bind to the 3'-untranslated region; they presumably interact with ribonucleases and...