The larval development of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus up to the benthic juvenile stage is described in detail to establish a reference for their larval identification. Development is described in terms of ontogenetic changes in morphology, growth, pigmentation, fin structure and skeletal structure. Larvae were reared in mesocosms at a mean temperature of 24·3° C, salinity of 36·5, ...

Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) have been reported in several systems to display net up-estuary larval movements, against the mean flow. However, the means by which such transport occurs is poorly understood. We address how estuarine circulation and larval behaviors serve to transport larvae of the bay anchovy. In two successive summer seasons, we conducted multiple near-synoptic samples of larv...

Metamorphosis in the fly (Musca domestica) involves extensive lysis, neurogenesis and reorganization of neural tissue. Despite this, two experiments are reported which show aspects of larval memory persist into the adult form. Experimental larvae were reared in sawdust scented with aversive odours (mint or geraniol). Control larvae were reared on plain sawdust. In blind post-metamorphosis testi...

 This study was conducted in two phases on sturgeon larvae and fingerlings produced from artificial breeding of five pairs of the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) broodstocks in Shahid Beheshti Hatchery in spring and summer 2006. Initially, 600 larvae were collected on 3 post days hatching (pdh) and 5 days after the onset of exogenous feeding. The second phase was conducted with 450 specim...

The morphological characteristics of the eyes and the retinae of lanternfish larvae of Lampanyctus crocodilus, Benthosema glaciale, and Myctophum punctatum were analyzed in pre-flexion, flexion, and post-flexion stages. Pre-flexion larvae of L. crocodilus, the species with the shallowest depth distribution, had spherical eyes located antero-laterally on a strongly laterally-compressed head, sug...

Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen are useful in the evaluation of food web dynamics and have been used extensively in the feeding studies. Barnacles are dominant component of the intertidal and biofouling communities. Life cycle of barnacles include planktonic naupliar stages followed by a nonfeeding pre-settling cyprid stage. Development success of the nauplii depends on the food availabl...

The heterologous red cell response of Xenopus laevis larvae and post-metamorphic toadlets was investigated by means of the immuno-cytoadherence (ICA) technique. Sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) were employed as immunogen. Toadlets responded to a single injection of immunogen within 4 days, and exhibited a peak level of rosette-forming cells (RFC) in their spleens at 8 days post-injection. Toadlets imm...

American foulbrood disease of honey bees is caused by the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. Infection occurs per os in larvae and systemic infection requires a breaching of the host peritrophic matrix and midgut epithelium. Genetic variation exists for both bacterial virulence and host resistance, and a general immunity is achieved by larvae as they age, the basis of which has not been identified...

Embryonic development and morphological characteristics of Japanese devil stinger Inimicus japonicus during early life stage were investigated. Larvae were hatched out 50 h after fertilization at temperature 21°C. Total length of the newly hatched larva was 4.03 mm, the mouth of the larva opened at 3 days after hatching (DAH), and the yolk sac of the larva disappeared at 5 DAH. After hatching, ...

We report here on terahertz (THz) digital holography on a biological specimen. A continuous-wave (CW) THz in-line holographic setup was built based on a 2.52 THz CO(2) pumped THz laser and a pyroelectric array detector. We introduced novel statistical method of obtaining true intensity values for the pyroelectric array detector's pixels. Absorption and phase-shifting images of a dragonfly's hin...