Abstract Back-arc spreading is a non-steady-state process exemplified by the repeated cycles of South Fiji and Lau Basins behind Tonga arc, Parece Vela Basin Mariana Trough arc. Spreading in these regions starts with rifting within volcanic arc before shifting to back-arc region where it develops into phase well-defined spreading. 2D thermo-mechanical subduction modeling incorporating transitio...

abstract on 6 december 2006, australia and korea announced a joint study on a possible australia-korea free trade agreement (akfta) to promote trade and economic relations between the two countries. the paper provides empirical evidence on the possible gains and their transmission mechanism from this agreement. significantly, it uses a new economic policy modelling approach, the endogenous grav...