NAKATA, K., G. F. LEONG AND R. Mr. BRAUER. Direct measurement of blood pressures in minute vessels of the liver. Am. J. Physiol. Igg(6): I 181-1188. 1960.--A method has been described which allows the insertion of microneedles into minute blood vessels of the transilluminated rat liver. Using dye injections under controlled pressures and direct observation, blood pressures in the terminal porta...

To test whether the pressure-volume relationship of the canine small intestinal vasculature is linear over the normal range of portal venous pressures (5 to 35 mm Hg), we used two methods to measure volume: (1) the integral of inflow minus outflow (IFD), and (2) tissue activity of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes (Cr-51). Venous pressures were changed in steps of 5 mm Hg with a servo-controlled system...

Dilatation of the azygos-hemiazygos venous system presenting as paravertebral masses may be seen in intrahepatic and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, anomalous pulmonary venous return, occlusion of the superior and inferior vena cava, persistence of the left superior vena cava, hepatic vein obstruction, elevation of central venous pressure as in congestive heart failure, pericardial effusi...

Portal hypertension is a major consequence of any chronic liver disease and it represents the main mechanism of complication occurrence. Therefore, the assessment of portal hypertension presence is one of the most important steps in the management of any chronic liver diseases. The most accurate tool for portal pressure assessment is hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement, which ha...

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) reduces the portal venous pressure of patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS).To describe the patients who underwent TIPS for the treatment of HPS.A retrospective study was performed on 81 patients with HPS and gastrointestinal hemorrhage treated with TIPS. Thirty patients underwent TIPS through the main portal vein (group A), 24 through...

Hepatic portal venous gas is a rare condition that occurs when intraluminal gas or gas produced by intestinal bacteria enters the portal venous circulation. It has recently been recognized as a rare complication of colon procedures by endoscopy or barium enema. Given the frequency of these procedures in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, hepatic portal venous gas may occur more frequentl...

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is defined by a positive ascitic fluid bacterial culture and an elevated ascitic fluid absolute polymorphonuclear count (≥250 cells/mm3) without an evident intra-abdominal, surgically treatable source of infection. Transient ascites is well documented in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction but spontaneous bacterial peritonitis complicating extr...

Portal hypertension (PH) is a major consequence of liver tissue fibrogenesis in chronic liver disease (CLD). During progression of CLD, the intrahepatic vasculature is remodeled and excess endogenous vasodilators are released, causing splanchnic arteriolar vasodilatation. Consequently, blood flow in the portal venous system would be increased, leading to PH. As the degree of PH becomes severe, ...

BACKGROUND For patients with esophagogastric varices secondary to portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis, portosystemic shunts and devascularization have become the most commonly used treatment methods. We have developed a novel surgical approach for the treatment of patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension, selective decongestive devascularization, and shunt of the gastrosplenic region ...

PORTAL VEIN TlIROMBOSIS (PVT) or thrombosis of its tributaries has been a formidable surgical challenge in orthotopic hepatic transplantation (OHT). At one time, PVT was considered a relative contraindication for OHT. However, refinements of the technique to reconstruct the portal vein after thrombosis have included venous grafting procedures (1, 2). The technique of the venous "jump" graft fro...