Organic trihydridosilanes can be grafted to hydrogen-terminated porous Si nanostructures with no catalyst. The reaction proceeds efficiently at 80 °C, and it shows little sensitivity to air or water impurities. The modified surfaces are stable to corrosive aqueous solutions and common organic solvents. Octadecylsilane H3 Si(CH2 )17 CH3 , and functional silanes H3 Si(CH2 )11 Br, H3 Si(CH2 )9 CH=...

Air-blown gasification of biomass in fluidized bed reactors produces relatively low concentrations of hydrogen. The combination of a catalyst and calcium-based sorbent is being developed to increase the efficiency of converting producer gas from biomass gasification into hydrogen. The conversion process entails reforming the methane and tar, and converting carbon monoxide into hydrogen by the w...

We obtain a general formula for reactant conversion in diffusion-reaction TAP systems over single non-porous catalyst particles as a product of two terms: α = PH ×K. The first term, PH , is a purely geometric factor dependent only on the shape of the reactor and the shape and position of the catalyst particle, interpreted as the probability that an individual molecule of reactant will hit the c...

The performance of a combined catalyst and sorbent material designed for reforming hydrocarbons was evaluated by reacting methane with steam at different temperatures and pressures in a reactor packed with the material. The combined material was in the form of small spherical pellets comprised of a sorbent core of lime encased in a porous shell made largely of sintered alumina that supported a ...

This study addresses the development of a compact reactor for oxidative steam-reforming of methanol (OSRM) to produce hydrogen in autothermal mode for fuel cells. The string reactor uses catalytically active brass wires with a diameter of 500 mm placed in parallel into a tube. The micro-channels in the reactor for gases are formed between the wires presenting hydrodynamics similar to the one in...

Platinum is deposited into porous carbon materials relevant for fuel cell electrodes using plasma sputtering techniques. The resulting platinum concentration profile extends up to 2μm into the porous carbon and is well fitted by a generalized stretched Gaussian function, which displays the non-thermal nature of the penetration process. Platinum deposits are observed to grow as clusters. On the ...

In this work, a fundamental kinetic model based upon the Hougen–Watson non-porosity formalism was derived and used to simulate dehydrogenation and oxidation axial flow reactors. In addition, partial pressure profiles of components during styrene production process inside porous catalyst were obtained using Dusty-Gas model. The preservation equations are adopted to calculate temperature and flow...

The aluminum impregnated catalysts of Al-alumina (Al-Al2O3), Al-montmorillonite (Al-Mmn) and Al-activated charcoal (Al-AC) of various percent loadings were prepared by wet impregnation method and characterized by SEM, XRD and N2 adsorption/desorption (BET). The catalytic properties were investigated in the degradation of waste polystyrene (WPS). The results of catalytic degradation of Al metal,...

In fields of materials science and chemistry, ionic-type porous materials attract increasing attention due to significant ion-exchanging capacity for accessing diversified applications. Facing the fact that porous cationic materials with robust and stable frameworks are very rare, novel tactics that can create new type members are highly desired. Here we report the first family of polyhedral ol...

Transport phenomena in porous media are pertinent to thermal and thermochemical processes for power and fuel generation using concentrated solar energy. The porous media serve as insulator, radiant absorbers, heat exchangers, catalyst carriers, reactants, and/or reaction sites. Volume-averaging models for porous media, commonly applied for process simulations and optimization, rely heavily on t...