Background: CCL22/MDC is a CC chemokine with a critical role in regulation of the immune balance in physiological condition. CCL22/CCR-4 ligation has been documented to participate in the migration of regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th2 lymphocytes to the site of breast tumors; circumstances that are known to be associated with poor prognosis. Objective: To investigate the association of a single...

this study investigated genetic variation within indigenous chicken of khorasan using four microsatellite markers (mcw5, mcw16, mcw18 and mcw34). 90 blood samples were collected from this population and phenol-chloroform extraction method was used to isolate the dna. the highest and the lowest allele number and effective alleles are shown in mcw5 (6 and 5.293) and mcw34 (4 and 3.138), respectiv...

Levels of sequence variation in mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene were examined to ascertain if this molecule can provide a reference point in making decisions concerning species-level distinctions. DNA-sequence data from 4 genera of rodents (Neotoma, Reithrodontomys, Peromyscus, and Sigmodon) and 7 genera of bats (Artibeus, Carollia, Chiroderma, Dermanura, Glossophaga, Rhinophylla, and Uroderma)...

The cheetah is unusual among fields in exhibiting near genetic uniformity at a variety of loci previously screened to measure population genetic diversity. It has been hypothesized that a demographic crash or population bottleneck in the recent history of the species is causal to the observed monomorphic profiles for nuclear coding loci. The timing of a bottleneck is difficult to assess, but ce...

McNamara and Dall (2011) identified novel relationships between the abundance of a species in different environments, the temporal properties of environmental change, and selection for or against dispersal. Here, the mathematics underlying these relationships in their two-environment model are investigated for arbitrary numbers of environments. The effect they described is quantified as the fit...

one of the most importanat traits of fluorescent pseudomonads, a phenomenon also related to their biocontrol, is the ability to develop phase variation during their rhizosphere colonization. for an investigation of this phenomenon, at first 24 bacterial strains of pseudomonas fluorescens that were able to cause an inhibiting zone within the range of 3-14.67 mm. against gaeumannomyces graminis v...

25 For elusive mammals like bats, colonization of new areas and colony formation are poorly 26 understood, as is their relationship with the genetic structure of populations. Understanding 27 dispersal and group formation behaviors is critical not only for a better comprehension of 28 mammalian social dynamics, but also for guiding conservation efforts of rare and endangered 29 species. Using n...