An intensive monitoring program of a standard two-stage dairy shed waste stabilisation pond system was undertaken to determine the incidence and extent of spatial and temporal variation of basic physio-chemical parameters, and to shed light on the longer term dynamic nature of in-pond conditions. The anaerobic-facultative pond system, located in a remote rural area, treats wastewater from the h...

Leaching of fluoride from fly ash has been studied at different ash/water ratios and temperatures and also over a broad range of pH. The efficiency of leaching was only slightly dependent on the ash/water ratio, thus revealing a solubilitycontrolled mechanism of the process. The efficiency was also independent of the temperature over the range 20 90°C.

Most applications of coal fly ash, such as concrete, structural fill, and waste stabilization, use fresh fly ash received directly from coal fired power generation plants. However, if the current rate of usage continues, the demand for fresh coal fly ash for various applications will increase and utilization of coal fly ash disposed in landfills will have to be considered. This study investigat...

This paper describes POND, a planner developed to solve problems characterized by partial observability and nondeterminism. POND searches in the space of belief states, guided by a relaxed plan heuristic. Many of the more interesting theoretical issues showcased by POND show up within its relaxed plan heuristics. Namely, the exciting topics are defining distance estimates between belief states,...

A preliminary in vitro acid neutralizing capacity test of twelve traditional Ayurvedic antacids were performed in this study. Five traditional preparations of ash of conch shell, ash of oyster, ash of pearl, limestone, and ash of cowrie showed high acid neutralizing capacity similar to standard antacid combination of Al(OH) 3 and Mg(OH) 2 . Among these the ash of conch shell found the highest a...

We studied the host selection behavior and feeding preference of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). A. planipennis is an exotic forest insect pest native to Asia that was discovered in North America in 2002 and is causing widespread mortality of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in southeast Michigan and surrounding states. We compared host selection and fee...

Two identical pilot-scale reactors – one as an oxidation pond (OP) and the other as a freewater-surface-flow constructed wetland (CW) planted with Cyperus papyrus – were fed with a lowstrength domestic wastewater at the organic loading rate of 16 kg BOD/ha-d. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the solar energy dissipated into the biomass productivities during the wastewater treatm...

Ponds throughout the world are subjected to a variety of management measures for purposes of biodiversity conservation. Current conservation efforts typically comprise a combination of multiple measures that directly and indirectly impact a wide range of organism groups. Knowledge of the relative impact of individual measures on different taxonomic groups is important for the development of eff...

A tree frog (Hyla arborea L., 1758) metapopulation in western Switzerland was studied during spring 2001. All potential calling ponds in an area of 350 km were searched for tree frog calling males. Twenty-nine out of 111 ponds sheltered between 1 and 250 callers. Most ponds were occupied by less than 12 males. Pond parameters were measured at three different levels using field analysis and a Ge...

In recent years, Enteromorpha prolifera blooms had serious impacts on costal environments and fisheries in China. Nevertheless, the effects of E. prolifera on microbial ecology remain unknown. In this study, for the first time, an Illumina sequencing analysis was used to investigate bacterial communities in source water, aquaculture ponds with E. prolifera, and an aquaculture pond in which E. p...