the use of isomalt and maltitol instead of sucrose in foods has an important role in human health as controlling blood glucose levels and weight management. in this study, isomalt and maltitol instead of sucrose were used at three concentration level (75, 85, and 100%). effects of the polyols were investigated on physicochemical properties (size of bubble cake batter, moisture content, water ac...

The objective of this study is to investigate an appropriate process to fabricate the wood-polyurethane hybrid composites [wood-polyurethane foam (PUF)]. Rigid PUFs that contain up to 20% wood flours were successfully fabricated from polymeric 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polyols, silicone surfactant, dibutin dilaurate/ dimethylethanolamine catalysts, and distilled water (chemical blowing ...

BACKGROUND Inhaled dry powder mannitol has established in vivo therapeutic efficacy for enhancing mucociliary function. However, a single dose necessitates multiple inhalations of a sizeable powder mass. Nebulization of mannitol by vibrating mesh devices has recently been shown in vitro to impart similar dosing in a comparable or lesser treatment time. Nevertheless, the limited solubility of ma...

Polyol accumulation and metabolism were examined in Aspergillus oryzae cultured on whole wheat grains or on wheat dough as a model for solid-state culture. In solid-state fermentation (SSF), water activity (a(w)) is typically low resulting in osmotic stress. In addition to a high level of mannitol, which is always present in the cells, A. oryzae accumulated high concentrations of glycerol, eryt...

Ribitol+ strains of Escherichia coli acquire the ability to utilize xylitol by mutating to constitutive production of the coordinately controlled ribitol catabolic enzymes ribitol dehydrogenase (RDH) and D-ribulokinase (DRK). Such strains concomitantly acquire toxicity to galacitol and L-arabitol, and to D-arabitol if they are unable to utilize it for growth. Strains selected for resistance to ...

Epoxydiols are produced in the gas phase from the photo-oxidation of isoprene in the absence of significant mixing ratios of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)). The reactive uptake of these compounds onto acidic aerosols has been shown to produce secondary organic aerosol (SOA). To better characterize the fate of isoprene epoxydiols in the aerosol phase, the kinetics and products of the acid-catalyzed rin...