Peripheral artery disease (PAD) has been associated with specific risk factors such as smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as previous coronary and cerebrovascular disease [1]. Data show that the distribution, extent, and progression of PAD are influenced by cardiovascular risk factors although the findings are not consistent [2]. PAD prevalence and incidence are both sharply age-related, r...

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic condition that can provoke symptoms of leg pain ("intermittent claudication") during exercise. Because PAD is often observed with comorbid conditions such hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, cigarette smoking, and/or physical inactivity, the pathophysiology of PAD is certainly complex and involves multiple organ systems. Patients with PA...

Berg, C. C. 1998. Foot-pad dermatitis in broilers and turkeys. Prevalence, risk factors and prevention. Doctor’s dissertation. ISSN1401-6257, ISBN 91-576-5442-5 Foot-pad dermatitis is a condition characterised by lesions on the ventral foot-pads of poultry. It is a type of contact dermatitis, which in an early stage results in hyperkeratosis, erosions and discoloration of the skin. The erosions...

BACKGROUND To investigate the incidence of death and of new cardiovascular events at long-term follow-up of patients with and without PAD seen in a vascular surgery clinic. MATERIAL/METHODS We investigated the incidence of death, new stroke/transient ischemic attack, new myocardial infarction, new coronary revascularization, new carotid endarterectomy, new peripheral arterial disease (PAD) re...

BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and osteoporosis are chronic illnesses that increase in prevalence with aging and certain metabolic disorders. The association between PAD, rates of bone loss, and fracture risk in older men is uncertain. METHODS AND RESULTS We sought to test the hypothesis that PAD is associated with higher rates of bone loss and increased fracture risk. We analyz...

The incidence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is on the increase and is associated with a major health concern in current practical care. The most common disease process underlying PAD is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a complex generalized disease affecting several arterial beds, including the peripheral and coronary circulation. Especially in patients with PAD, high incidences of co...

Cu wire bonding is one of the hottest trends in electronic packaging due to the cost and performance advantages of Cu wire over Au wire. However, there are many challenges to Cu wire bonding, one of which is the increased stress transmitted to the bond pad during bonding. This high stress is not desirable as it leads to pad damage or cratering in the Si under the pad. Another issue is pad splas...