Colfax, WA, operates an aerated lagoon to achieve compliance with its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit, which currently requires biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. However, ammonia removal may soon be required, and Colfax is considering a nitrifying trickling filter (NTF) that would allow them to also maintain the lagoons. To ...

The chemical composition of surface snow and rime ice has been measured in a winter mountain setting for the purpose of identifying the principal scavenging mechanisms. The siting permitted the results to be interpreted with minimal consideration of below-cloud scavenging processes and close comparison of the snow and rime ice compositions. The concentrations of all major ions in the snow were ...

In this study, a new-generation subsurface upflow wetland (SUW) system packed with the unique sorption media was introduced for nutrient removal. To explore the interface between hydraulic and environmental performance, a tracer study was carried out in concert with a transport model to collectively provide hydraulic retention time (7.1 days) and compelling evidence of pollutant fate and transp...

Conducting polymers (CPs) have been proved to be instrumental in enhancing photocatalytic efficacy owing their unique physicochemical properties and energy levels. In this regard, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has investigated transdisciplinary research areas (like catalysis, technologies, health, environment) due its desirable characteristics. the process of developing advanced photocatalysts, nov...