abolqasem kashani, the shi’i historian of ilkhanid era, due to the influence of new situation that appeared after abbasid caliphate’s fall and the rise of ilkhanids, offers a new historiographical perspective. he tries to avoid prejudice and by accuracy and tolerance, studies history and intends to strengthen the social and political position of the shi’is; hence he tries to present a logical d...

A wealth of recent research in comparative politics examines how spatial variation historical conditions shapes modern political outcomes. In an article the American Political Science Review , Homola, Pereira, and Tavits argue that Germans who live nearer to former Nazi concentration camps are more likely display out-group intolerance. Clarifying conceptual foundations posttreatment bias review...

A complex mixture of hundreds of substances determines strawberry (Fragaria3ananassa) aroma, but only ~15 volatiles are considered as key flavour compounds. Of these, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)furanone (HDMF) is regarded as the most important, but it is methylated further by FaOMT (Fragaria3ananassa O-methyltransferase) to 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)furanone (DMMF) during the ripening proces...

Political tolerance is a core democratic value, yet long-standing research agenda suggests that citizens are unwilling to put this value into practice when confronted by groups they dislike. One of the most disliked groups, especially in recent times, those promoting racist ideologies. Racist speech poses challenge ideal political because it challenges another tenet politics – equality. How do ...

Religious tolerance is a fundamental part of Indonesia, country with diversity in religions and beliefs. As an attempt to serve social, political, cultural stability among groups Indonesians agreed live together harmony through the Pancasila, where all beliefs must be honored. Therefore, specific attitudes how we Indonesia addressed since early childhood education school, public, family. Parent...

Political Ecology (PE) has been retrospectively created from a history of wide ranging work of different disciplines, cultural settings and epistemological foundations. Its conceptualization was and remains expansive, eclectic and inclusive which has brought both innovative thinking and charges of incoherence. A review of these paradoxical views on the quality of knowledge and its effectiveness...

In emerging economies, political institutions (i.e., government and its agencies), act as a major force in defining and mobilizing resources. IT entrepreneurial firms endeavor to obtain resources from political institutions, named as political institutional resources (PIRs), to overcome insurmountable handicap of resource deficiency. However, how PIRs matter remains unclear. Acknowledging this ...

Mining Political Blogs With Network Based Topic Models by Jiawei Liang Department of Statistical Science and Department of Economics Duke University

Resident participation in the political action committee (PAC) is important for professional advocacy and for ensuring access to quality musculoskeletal care. The following questions were asked: Would faculty contribution-matching increase donation rates and amounts among orthopedic surgery residents at a single institution? What barriers do residents self-identify that prevent or delay PAC par...