This study examines 5 types of personality continuity--structural, mean-level, individual-level, differential, and ipsative--in a representative population (N=498) and a twin and sibling sample (N=548) of children and adolescents. Parents described their children on 2 successive occasions with a 36-month interval using the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (I. Mervielde & F. De Fr...

We investigate the dynamics of political systems in a framework where transitions are driven by reforms and revolts, and where political systems are a priori unconstrained, ranging continuously from single-man dictatorships to full-scale democracies. The dynamics are governed by the likelihood of transitions and their outcome, which are both determined endogenously. We find that reforms and rev...

Personality-relationship transactions were investigated in a general population sample of young German adults with three assessments over 8 years. Four general findings were obtained. First, personality development was characterized by substantive individual differences in change. Second, bivariate latent growth models indicated that individual differences in personality change were substantial...

place is a part of geographical space and a base for establishment of social relations. each place is unique according to its specific properties, functions and history. meanwhile, some places find symbol identity due to their especial historical events and properties and this identity would be maintained in the minds and moved to the other generations. for example azadi tower in tehran and sav...

OBJECTIVES We investigated how fluctuations and linear changes in health and cognitive resources influence the motivation to engage in complex cognitive activity and the extent to which motivation mediated the relationship between changing resources and cognitively demanding activities. METHOD Longitudinal data from 332 adults aged 20-85 years were examined. Motivation was assessed using a co...

The purpose of this factorial study was to establish normative data for the Italian version of the Communication Attitude Test (CAT) in order to determine whether or not the speech-associated attitude reported by Italian children who stutter (CWS) differs significantly from that of their nonstuttering peers (CWNS). Toward this end, the Italian CAT was administered to 149 CWS and 148 CWNS betwee...

analysis and the continued success of the moderate islamic discourse on other discourses in turkey in a social environment that nearlya century in the western orientation and secular changes in the basis of social, political and cultural, is the central issue to the most article. this article goes beyond the ideological debates, in the analysis of this fundamental change in this country as a lo...

the political crisis in lebanon during the past three years has remained one of the critical issues in the regional and international scenes. this article attempts to examine the short-term and long-term causes of the political crisis in lebanon. it proposes that demographic changes in favor of the shias, increased power of hezbollah, the multi-ethnic structure of lebanese society, the type of ...

in the first part of article, published in the previous issue, the writer explained the generel charactristics of islamic political system. in this part he explains the sunnite political system. according to the writer the sunnite's attempt at presenting specific interpretations of saghafiyye led to the provision of a fairly coherent collection of the principles of the sunnite political sy...