Many developing countries have recently increased the number of their sub-national administrative units. Existing literature explains this phenomenon by suggesting that because new units serve as patronage to an area, they can help a leader meet local demand for state resources or divide opposition elites. These explanations, however, overlook the costs of new administrative units to a leader f...

Recently, the call to combine land change science (LCS) and political ecology (PE) in the study of human-environment interactions has been widely discussed by scientists from both subfields of geography. In this paper, we use a hybrid ecology framework to examine the effects of conservation policies on the environment and the livelihood of the people of the Korup National Park (KNP). Using tech...

principles of judicial review in administrative law are basic criteria developed through judicial decisions. most of these principles have a legal value in modern administrative law. in this paper some of these principles and criteria have been studied in switzerland administrative law. in this country the legality, equality, public interest, good faith, hearing and proportionality principles h...

BACKGROUND Several studies have highlighted the importance of collective social factors for population health. One of the major challenges is an adequate definition of the spatial units of analysis which present properties potentially related to the target outcomes. Political and administrative divisions of urban areas are the most commonly used definition, although they suffer limitations in t...

E way in which the schools relate to the political system is through the political socialization of children and youth. 1 The schools the curriculum, the textbooks, the instructional methods, the school clubs, the classroom milieu, the students, the teach ers, the administrative structure, and the like may implicitly or explicitly engage in the transmission of basic political orientations towar...

like other countries, there are various conditions for election candidates in islamic republic of iran. since the president enjoys a very significant role in iran’s political system, having extensive powers, the presidential qualifications have been did down in the country’s constitution. principle (115) provides:” the president must be elected from among religious and political personalities p...