The Sun encompasses planet Earth, supplies the heat that warms it, and even shakes it. The United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assumed that solar influence on Earth’s climate is limited to changes in solar irradiance and adopted the consensus opinion of a hydrogen-filled Sun—the Standard Solar Model (SSM). They did not consider the alternative solar model and instea...

a numerical investigation of laminar mixed convection heat transfer in a shallow two-sided lid driven rectangular enclosure of aspect ratio 5, (ar=5) is executed. the natural convection effect is sustained by subjecting the bottom wall to a higher temperature than its top counterpart. in addition, the two horizontal walls of the enclosure are moving in different directions and the two vertical ...

An unknown transient heat source in a three-dimensional participating medium is reconstructed from temperature measurements using a Bayesian inference method. The heat source is modeled as a stochastic process. The joint posterior probability density function (PPDF) of heat source values at consecutive time points is computed using the Bayes’ formula. The errors in thermocouple readings are mod...

magnetohydrodynamic (mhd) mixed convection flow of cu–water nanofluid inside a two-sided lid-driven square enclosure with adiabatic horizontal walls and differentially heated sidewalls has been investigated numerically. the effects of moving lids direction, variations of richardson number, hartmann number, and volume fraction of nanoparticles on flow and temperature fields have been studied. th...

The University of the corresponding author should be Department Mathematics, College Science and Arts, Qassim University, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia.