introduction: our aim was compare of two types of lithotripter include holmium: yag laser and pneumatic one in transurethral ureterolithotripsy (tul) for the management of ureteral calculi ≥1 cm. methods: 112 patients with ureteral calculi more than 1 cm were selected in randomized order for pneumatic or holmium: yag laser transurethral ureterolithotripsy (56 patients in each group). ultrasonog...

The dissipated energy from periodic deformation is regarded as the main reason for heat generation and temperature rise inside the tire domain. However, the mechanical behavior of rubber parts is highly temperature dependent. In most performed investigations, the influence of thermal effects on stress/ deformation fields of pneumatic tires is ignored and just temperature distribution is conside...

in this study, an intelligent system for sorting closed shell and open shell pistachio nuts, was designed and developed based on combined acoustic and artificial neural network (ann) techniques. the system included a microphone, pc, material handling equipment and an air reject pneumatic mechanism. the microphone, placed under the steel plate, received sound signals generated by the pistachio n...

Lateral transmission of blood-borne diseases can occur when a single needle is used repeatedly to vaccinate livestock. Needle-free technology to vaccinate sheep without damaging the carcass, causing lesions, or leaving needle fragments, and eliciting a similar antibody response as traditional needle vaccinations, has been hampered due to variable wool length. Vaccine delivery, injection time, a...

This paper reports mechanical testing and modeling results for the McKibben artificial muscle pneumatic actuator. This device, first developed in the 1950's, contains an expanding tube surrounded by braided cords. We report static and dynamic length-tension testing results and derive a linearized model of these properties for three different models. The results are briefly compared with human m...

This paper presents a frequency domain identification of dynamic model parameters for frictional presliding behavior. The identification procedure for the dynamic model parameters, i.e., 1) the stiffness and 2) the damping of the presliding phenomenon, is reduced from performing several dedicated experiments to one experiment where the system is excited with random noise and the frequency respo...

In this paper, a model-based impedance controller for electrohydraulic servosystems is developed. Rigid body and electrohydraulic models, including servovalve models are employed and described by a set of integrated system equations. Friction and leakage of hydraulic elements are also included. The control law consists of two signals, a feedback and a feedforward signal. An impedance filter mod...

The role for the perfusionist has changed at many institutions that perform Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB). Surgeons at our hospitals have adapted a technique called Perfusion-Assisted Direct Coronary Bypass (PADCAB) (1). A simple circuit and pump have been devised for the perfusionist to deliver arterial blood to the myocardium immediately after the completion of the distal coronary a...

The axial soft−tissue system in the neck of Dicraeosauridae and Diplodocidae, including pneumatic diverticula, liga− ments, and muscles, is reconstructed on the basis of phylogenetic and functional morphological comparisons with extant crocodylians and birds and compared with other soft−tissue reconstructions for sauropods. Bifurcation of the neural spines separated the paired supraspinal ligam...